ارزیابی طرح‌های شهری مبتنی بر ارتقاء امنیت در بافت‌ فرسوده شهری با استفاده از چیدمان فضا (مطالعه موردی: قلمستان کرج)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

ناصر بنیادی ¹ , میلاد فتحی ² , نوید جهدی ³

1 - استادیار گروه مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری، مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی، وزارت راه و شهرسازی
2 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: بافت فرسوده, امنیت, چیدمان فضا, پیکره‌بندی فضایی, قلسمتان, نرم‌افزار Depthmap,

چکیده مقاله :

تأمین امنیت شهروندان یکی از دغدغه‌های طراحان، برنامه‌ریزان و مسئولان شهری است. شناخت شهرها به علت پیچیدگی‌های بسیار نیازمند استفاده از روش‌ها و فنون نوینی است که بتواند روند تصمیم‌گیری را تسهیل و تدقیق نماید. این مقاله با محوریت شبکه فضایی شهری تلاش دارد تا با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک چیدمان فضا راهکارهای طراحی را ارائه و این راهکارها را مورد آزمون قرار دهد. فرآیند پژوهش مبتنی بر فرضیه‌ی رابطه معنادار الگوی پیکرهبندی بافت فرسوده شهری با امنیت محیطی، به آزمون، تحلیل، ارائه طرح و بازارزیابی در محله قلسمتان کرج می‌پردازد. به‌منظور آزمون فرضیه، پیکره‌بندی فضایی محله قلمستان براساس نقشه محوری در نرم‌افزار DepthMap استخراج و رابطه آن از طریق آزمون همبستگی با داده امنیت معابر در نرم‌افزار Spss23 تحلیل شد. نتایج مبین رابطه معنادار مستقیم میان همپیوندی و رابطه معنادار معکوس میان عمق با امنیت محیطی معابر بوده است. در مرحله نهایی نیز طرح‌های پیشنهادی ارائه شده از طریق تئوری چیدمان فضا مجدد ارزیابی شد. نتایج گویای ارتقاء امنیت محیطی معابر در طرح پیشنهادی بوده است؛ به‌صورتی‌که میزان همپیوندی از 0.536 به 0.646 ارتقاء و میزان عمق معابر از 13.309 به 10.954 کاهش پیدا کرده‌اند. همچنین میانگین متغیر اتصال معابر تجاری کاهش و در معابر مسکونی این میزان دارای افزایش اندکی بوده است. بر این اساس می‌توان گفت در محله قلمستان در صورت افزایش میزان همپیوندی و کاهش میزان عمق می‌توان امنیت را در معابر افزایش داد. علاوه بر این در صورت اعمال اصلاحات کالبدی پیشنهادی بر اساس معیارهای بیان شده در پژوهش می‌توان امنیت محیطی محله قلسمتان را بهبود بخشید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Supplying the security of citizens is one of the concerns of designers, planners and city officials. Due to its many complexities, knowing cities requires the use of new methods and techniques that can facilitate decision making. The focus of this article is the analysis of the road network in the deteriorated urban tissue.In this article, design solutions at first and then evaluation of these solution have been presented by the “Space Syntax” technique. The research process has been compiled based on the hypothesis of a significant relationship between “Space Configuration" of deteriorated urban tissue with environmental security. Therefore, this article examines, analyzes, presents the plan and re-evaluates the plan in Qalsmatan neighborhood of Karaj with the aim of increasing the security of citizens. In order to test the hypothesis, the "spatial configuration" of Qalamestan neighborhood was extracted based on the axial map in DepthMap software and its relationship was analyzed through the correlation test with the security of passages by Spss23 software. The results show a significant direct relationship between “Integration" and a significant inverse relationship between "depth" and "environmental security" of roads. In the final stage, the proposed projects were evaluated through the above method. The results of the evaluation indicate the improvement of environmental security of the roads in the proposed plan; thus, the level of interconnection increased from 0.536 to 0.646 and the depth of passages decreased from 13.309 to 10.954.Also, the variable average of “Connectivity” of commercial passages has decreased and in residential passages this amount has increased slightly. Based on results, in Qalamestan neighborhood, the security in the passages can be increased if the amount of "interconnection" increases and the amount of "depth" decreases.

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