ارزیابی و تحلیل وضعیت آسیب‌پذیری شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل (نمونه موردی: شهر زاهدان)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مهشید محمد ابراهیمی ¹ , امیر اشنویی ²

1 - مربی گروه معماری دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/10/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/05/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01

کلید واژه: " پدافند غیرعامل", " شهر زاهدان", "آسیب پذیری شهری",

چکیده مقاله :

     شناخت نیازهای خدماتی شهروندان، نحوه پراکنش کاربریها و تأسیسات حساس و مهم نباید از نگاه برنامه­ریزان شهری پنهان بماند. امروزه، با شهری کردن فضای نبرد به خصوص در شهرهای بزرگ و کلان­شهرها، توجه به امر پدافند غیرعامل به عنوان یک راه­حل جهت کاهش آسیب­­ها، افزایش و توان­ها حائز اهمیت است. هدف تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی و تحلیل وضعیت آسیب­پذیری شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل در شهر زاهدان با هفت معیار شامل؛ فاصله از ایستگاه­های آتش­نشانی، دسترسی به مراکز آموزش عالی، اداری، درمانی، کاربری صنعتی، نظامی و تاسیسات شهری است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و نوع آن کاربردی است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز به روش اسنادی و میدانی گردآوری شده و در نرم­افزار SuperDecision (تحلیل شبکه) وزن­دهی، سپس، در محیط  GISنقشه­سازی شده است. نتایج یافته­ها با استفاده از مدل ANP نشان می­دهد که در بین معیارهای مورد مطالعه، بیشترین ارزش وزنی را شاخص دسترسی به مراکز نظامی با وزن 193/. دارد. بعد از آن شاخص­های دسترسی به مراکز درمانی، دسترسی به مراکز اداری، تاسیسات شهری، دسترسی به آموزش عالی، کاربری صنعتی و دسترسی به ایستگاه­های آتش­نشانی به ترتیب با اوزان 171/.، 152/.، 139/.، 127/.، 117/. و 101/. اولویت­های بعدی را به خود اختصاص داده­اند. بیشترین آسیب­پذیری شهر در بخش­های شمال و شمال­شرقی شهر به دلیل استقرار مناطق حاشیه­نشین و وجود بافت­های فرسوده و مناطق مرکزی شهر به علت دارا بودن تراکم زیاد ساختمانی و تراکم جمعیت بالا می­باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nowadays, with urbanization of the battlefield, especially in large cities and metropolises, it is important to consider passive defense as a solution to reduce damage, increase and capability. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and analyze the urban vulnerability status from the perspective of passive defense in Zahedan city with seven criteria including distance from fire stations, access to higher education, administrative, medical, industrial, military, and urban facilities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. Required information was collected by document and field method and weighted in Super Decision software, then mapped in GIS environment. The results of ANP model showed that among the criteria studied, the highest weighted value was the index of access to military centers weighing 0.193. Has it. Thereafter the indicators of access to health centers, access to administrative centers, urban facilities, access to higher education, industrial use and access to fire stations were calculated as 0.171, 0.152, and 0.139, respectively , 127 /. 117 /. And /. The next priorities are set. Most of the vulnerability in the north and northeast parts of the city is due to the establishment of suburban areas and the presence of worn-out textures and central areas of the city due to the high construction density and high population density. In this regard, the following suggestions were made: Preparation of passive defense codes for special applications including industrial use, revision of urban development plans with urban safety approach, considering the geographical location of Zahedan city in arid and interest area. In the wake of many sunny days, it is necessary to consider solar power generation facilities as much as possible to generate electricity.

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