مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی شاخص های زیست‌پذیری مناطق شهری اسلامشهر

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

سیده منور زینی ¹ , حسین مجتبی زاده ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/03/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/09/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/11/01

کلید واژه: "پایداری", "شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری", "واسپاس", "اسلامشهر", "مناطق شهری",

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه زیست­پذیری شهری گفتمانی نیرومند را در توسعه شهری و طراحی شهری بازتاب می‌دهد که در پیشینه‌ی برنامه‌ریزی شهری رواج پیداکرده است. چنین گفتمانی به وجود ارتباط مطلوب بین محیط شهری وزندگی اجتماعی اشاره می‌کند. زیست­پذیری در معنای اصلی و کلی خود به مفهوم دستیابی به قابلیت زندگی است و درواقع همان دست‌یابی به کیفیت برنامه‌ریزی خوب یا مکان پایدار است. در این امتداد هدف این پژوهش سنجش و ارزیابی زیست­پذیری شهری در مناطق شش گانه اسلامشهر است. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف­گذاری کاربردی و از لحاظ روش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. داده­ها با استفاده از پرسش­نامه محقق ساخته گردآوری و برای سنجش روایی آن از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده گردید که پایایی آن با میزان 940/ به تایید رسیده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش مناطق 6 گانه اسلامشهر و حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران با سطح خطای 9 درصد 384 نفر برآورده شده است که مطابق تعداد جمعیت هر منطقه سهمیه اختصاص داده شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها و اطلاعات به­دست آمده از آزمون­های کلموگروف اسمیرنوف، فریدمن، تحلیل مسیر و از روش­های آنتروپی شانون، تکنیک تصمیم­گیری چند معیاره واسپاس در محیط نرم­افزاری Smart Pls و Arc Gis استفاده شده است. نتایج به­دست آمده نشان داد شاخص اقتصادی (5/2)، بیشترین اهمیت و شاخص زیست محیطی (20/2)، کمترین اهمیت را در زیست­پذیری مناطق اسلامشهر دارند. همچنین یافته­های دیگر پژوهش نشانگر آن بود که مناطق 3، 2 و 1 به ترتیب با کسب میزان امتیاز واسپاس 2319/0، 17610/0 و 16530/0 از لحاظ برخورداری از شاخص­های زیست­پذیری در بین مناطق 6 گانه در رتبه­های اول تا سوم قرار دارند. در سوی دیگر منطقه 6 با کسب کمترین میزان واسپاس 0436/0 در جایگاه آخر قرارگرفته بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Today, urban livability reflects a powerful discourse on urban development and urban design that has emerged in the urban planning history. Such a discourse points to the desirable relationship between the urban environment and social meaning. In the general sense,livability is the concept of achieving life capability and are in fact the quality of good planning or sustainable placement. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate urban livability in the six districts of Islamshahr. The present study is applied in terms of targeting and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess its livability with a reliability of 0.940. The statistical population of the study was 6 districts of Islamshahr and the sample size was estimated based on Cochran formula with %940 error rate of 384 persons which was allocated according to the population of each region. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman tests, path analysis and Shannon entropy methods, WASPAS Multi-criteria decision making technique in Smart Pls and Arc Gis software environment. The results showed that economic index (2.5) was the most important and environmental index (2.20) had the least importance in the livability of Islamshahr. Other findings showed that zones 3, 2 and 1 had a score of 0.2319, 0.17610, and 0.16530, respectively, in terms of biodegradability indexes among the 6 zones. Ranks first to third. On the other hand, Zone 6 was in the last position with the lowest amount of 0.0436.
Introduction
livability is one of the greatest ideas of urban planning in the contemporary era, and creating livability among Third World cities is a worrying issue. Therefore, the importance of studying urban livability as one of the new tasks of urban planning is its responsibility to further enhance the quality of life. Studies show that, on the one hand, the necessity and importance of addressing urban livability in relation to new planning tasks in responding to the needs of post-industrialized society, which are also highly sought after for the amenities and facilities of today's urban life. There are two. So creating a livabil city is a big and complex undertaking, and urban planners need to support urban dwellers in terms of livability indicators.
Methodology
Due to the nature of the subject and the purpose of the research, the type of applied research and its method is "descriptive-analytical". Library and field documentary method was used for data collection according to the dimensions and indicators in question and the theoretical basics of the questionnaire designed for researchers and experts, some indicators and dimensions after passing the baseline questionnaire filter. The pre-test stage was used in the final questionnaire. The sample population of the population of Islamshahr (448129 population) is based on the Census of 2016. The sample size was first calculated based on Cochran sampling formula with 0.940 error level. Appropriate quotas were allocated to each study area based on population. Friedman tests and path analysis were used to analyze the data and the entropy methods were used in order to analyze VASPs in Smart Pls and Arc Gis. In this paper, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the distribution of data is normalized to determine the status of parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. If the significance level of the test is higher than the error value of 0.05, the normality of the variable is supported. The result of this test showed that the research variables were normal (significance level less than 0.05). Therefore, parametric statistical methods can be used.
Results and discussion
The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the average life expectancy of the inhabitants of Islamshahr in terms of economic, social, physical and environmental indices. So that the economic index is the most important and the environmental index is the least important in the viability of Islamshahr's six regions. These results suggest that the weight and impact of the economic dimension are the most important in promoting the livability of these areas and the least important environmental indicator. The findings of this section of the study are in line with the findings of Sasanpour et al. (2014), Ali Akbari and Akbari (1395), and Visi Nab et al. (1398). The results of simultaneous path analysis of the four indices on the dependent variable of livability confirm this.
Conclusion
The results show that the city of Islamshahr, due to its location on the communication points of Tehran province with the south of the country and attracting immigrants from many industries, has had unnecessary expansion due to economic conditions. It has been driven by a pattern of uneven physical development, insecurity, density, environmental issues, and ultimately a decline in viability and departure from the components of sustainable development in the city. With uninhibited urbanization and high population growth, today is one of the most important factors exacerbating the risks and livability of Islamshahr and its population growth due to the low cost of living compared to Tehran metropolis. And, as a result, the city's concentration, traffic, physical growth, and urbanization have created a perimeter of excitement and escalation of hazards such as the formation of heat islands, greenhouse gases, and so on. Increasing the livability and thus promoting the quality of life in Islamshahr is the human and fundamental axis of sustainable urban development. This is possible in the context of improving the urban environment, affordable housing and sustainable employment, personal and social security, balanced and efficient distribution of urban services and facilities, restoration and reconstruction of urban infrastructure and access to urban uses. Providing multiple options for existing public transport infrastructures (walking, biking and public transport that increase physical activity, protect the environment and reduce traffic), improve transport security Moving and increasing the number of public transport access points can each in turn have a significant impact on the viability of Islamshahr.
Key words: Sustainability, livability Indicators, WASPAS, Urban Areas, Islamshahr.

منابع و مأخذ:

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