تحلیل قابلیت دسترسی نظام سکونت و فعالیت به شبکه حمل‌ونقل با رویکرد عدالت فضایی؛ مورد مطالعاتی منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

دانیال دهقانی ¹ (پژوهشگر برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.)
هاشم داداش پور ² (دانشیار برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.)
امیررضا ممدوحی ³ (دانشیار برنامه ریزی حمل و نقل، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/31 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01

کلید واژه: عدالت فضایی, قابلیت دسترسی, تحرک بالقوه, منطقه کلان‌شهری, ناحیه کلان‌شهری,

چکیده مقاله :

با اتمام هزاره‌ی دوم میلادی مناطق کلان‌شهری با جذب جمعیت و فعالیت با دگرگونی‌های بنیادینی روبه‌رو شده‌اند؛ از مهم‌ترین پیامدهای این فرآیند، می‌توان به بی‌عدالتی در توزیع فرصت‌های شغلی و عدم‌دسترسی گروه‌های جمعیتی و سکونتگاه‌های حاشیه‌ای به آن‌ها اشاره کرد. پژوهش حاضر درصدد بهبود قابلیت دسترسی به شبکه‌ی حمل‌ونقل برای گروه‌های جمعیتی با بیشترین نیاز در منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران می‌باشد. این پژوهش از راهبرد استقرایی و روش تحقیق کمی برای پاسخ‌گویی به پرسش‌های پژوهش استفاده می‌کند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از مرکز آمار و سازمان راهداری و حمل‌ونقل جاده‌ای ایران با استفاده از سیستم مختصات تحرک بالقوه و قابلیت دسترسی به اشتغال با روش‌های تجمعی و گرانشی و، عدم‌کارایی قابلیت دسترسی با استفاده از شاخص انصاف قابلیت دسترسی در نرم‌افزارهای Arc GIS و Excel تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها حاکی از آنند که قابلیت دسترسی به اشتغال در منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران، با فاصله از نوار مرکزی کاهش می‌یابد و بسیاری از پهنه‌های شمالی و شمال غربی با عدم‌کارایی قابلیت دسترسی مواجه هستند. درصد افراد زیر-آستانه‌های بسندگی به ترتیب با کاهش آستانه‌ی بسندگی از 50% تا 10% از حدود 48% به حدود 2% و سهم پهنه‌های زیر-آستانه از 3.5% به حدود 1% کاهش می‌یابد. سهم جمعیت زیر-آستانه از کل جمعیت برای آستانه‌های مذکور در در آستانه‌ی 50% حدود 13% و در آستانه‌ی 10%به 0.5% می‌رسد؛ این گروه‌های جمعیتی به صورت بالقوه مستحق بهبود در قابلیت دسترسیِ‌شان هستند. اما در نهایت با جمع‌بندی روش‌ها در آستانه‌های بسندگی پنج‌گانه، سکونتگاه‌های آسارا، طالقان، لواسان بزرگ، نساء، برغان، جوستان، پایین طالقان و میان طالقان با جمعیتی بالغ بر 47678 نفر در اولویت بهبود قابلیت دسترسی قرار دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract
By the end of the second millennium, metropolitan Regions have been struggling with population and activity with radical transformations; one of the most important consequences of this process is the injustice in the distribution of job opportunities. The present study seeks to improve the accessibility of the transportation network for the population with the most needs in the Tehran metropolitan region. This research uses inductive strategy and quantitative research methodology to answer research questions. The data collected from the Statistical Centre of Iran and Road Maintenance & Transportation Organization of Iran has been analyzed using the coordinate system of potential mobility and accessibility to employment with cumulative and gravity methods, and inefficiencies accessibility through the fairness accessibility index in Arc GIS and Excel software. Findings indicate that access to employment in the region is reduced by a distance from the central bar, and many of the northern and northwestern areas are inaccessible. The percentage of sub-threshold populations, respectively, decreases from 50% to 10% by 48% to 2%, and the share of sub-threshold areas from 3.5% to 1%. The share of the population below the threshold of the total population for the thresholds is about 50% at around 13% and reaches 0.5% on the threshold of 10%; These population groups are potentially eligible for improvement in their accessibility. Finally, by conclusion on the methods: Asara, Taleqan, Lavasan, Nesa, Barghan, Joestan, Paein Taleqan and Miyan Taleqan settlements with a population of 47678 are in the priority of improving accessibility.
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