ارائه مدل تعیین‌کننده‌های حس تعلق به مکان در بافت تاریخی شهرهای بندری حاشیه خلیج فارس (مورد: بندر لنگه)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

امید عطایی ¹ , حسام الدین ستوده ² , محمد قمیشی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای گروه معماری، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران
2 - استادیارگروه معماری، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران
3 - استادیارگروه معماری، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/01/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01

کلید واژه: بافت تاریخی, حس تعلق به مکان, مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری, بندر لنگه,

چکیده مقاله :

حس تعلق به مکان از ارکان اصلی پایداری بافت‌های تاریخی طی دوره‌های گذشته تاکنون بوده است. ضعف و یا کاهش حس تعلق به مکان به عنوان یک چالش ریشه‌ای و پنهان، علاوه‌بر آسیب‌های اجتماعی، روحی و جسمی، در بلند مدت موجب بی‌توجهی شهروندان به محیط شهر و حتی فضاها و مسائل کلان‌تر اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی سیاسی و ... می‌شود. از این‌رو شناسایی عوامل موثر بر حس تعلق به مکان در بافت‌های تاریخی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هدف پژوهش کمی و کاربردی حاضر
که با ترکیبی از روش‌های توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و علی و با رویکرد مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری انجام گرفته است، شناسایی تعیین‌کننده‌های حس تعلق به مکان در بافت تاریخی شهر بندر لنگه است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه سرپرستان خانوار ساکن در بافت تاریخی تشکیل می‌دهد که از میان آن‌ها 190 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری برآورد شده و به صورت کاملاً تصادفی مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفته‌اند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش برای گردآوری داده‌های میدانی، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است که روایی و پایایی آن با طی نمودن فرایندهای مربوطه، تأیید شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Amos Graphic استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد وضعیت کلی حس تعلق به مکان با میانگین 022/4 بالاتر از حد متوسط است. نتایج مدل ساختاری تعیین‌کننده‌های حس تعلق به مکان نشان داد مدل ساختاری طراحی شده قابلیت برازش بالایی دارد و توانسته است 75 درصد واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین نماید. در مدل ساختاری مذکور اثر کل چهار متغیر مدت اقامت، وضعیت درآمد، دسترسی به خدمات و امکانات رفاهی ـ تفریحی و سرمایه اجتماعی به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 402/0، 379/0-، 342/0 و 308/0، به لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار بوده است و متغیر امنیت با اثر کل 167/0، اثر آماری معناداری بر حس تعلق به مکان نداشته است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The sense of belonging to a place has been one of the main pillars of the stability of historical contexts during the past periods. Weakness or diminished sense of belonging as a root and hidden challenge, in addition to long-term social, psychological and physical harm, causes citizens to ignore the city environment and even larger spaces and issues of economic, social, cultural, political and etc. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the sense of place in historical contexts is of particular importance. The purpose of the present quantitative and applied research, which has been done with the structural equation modelling approach, identify determinants of sense of place in the historical context of the city is the port of Lengeh. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of households living in the historical context That 190 of them are estimated as a statistical sample and They have been questioned quite by random. The main research tool for collecting field data, is A researcher-made questionnaire That Its validity and reliability have been verified through the relevant processes. Used to analyse the data from SPSS and Amos Graphic software. The research results showed The general state of the sense of belonging to the place with the 4.022 mean is above average. The results showed a structural model of determinants of sense of place The designed structural model has high fitting capability and Was able to explain 75% of the variance of the dependent variable. In the mentioned structural model, the effect of the four variables of length of stay, income status, access to services and welfare-recreational facilities and social capital respectively with the values of 0.402, -0.379, 0.342 and 0.308, Has been statistically significant and The security variable with a total effect of 0.167 had no statistically significant effect on the sense of place.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Ali Mohammadi, Gh & Abdollahi, R (2018), Explanation of the basics of culture in Iranian native architecture and its relation with the creation of a sense of belonging to place, Urban Management, Volume:17 Issue: 50, pp: 33-46. (in Persian)


2. Ananahad, M., Golamalizade, H & Asadi Malekjahan, F (2019), Measure the sense of belonging to the place and protect the identity of residential units in the urban area. Case study: Old Quarter of Saghrysazan Rasht, Biannual Journal of Urban Ecolog Researches, Volume:10, Issue: 19, pp: 73-88. (in Persian)


3. Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J.W., Higgins, C.C., (2001), Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1): 43-50.


4. Bazi, Kh., Mirzapour, S & Afrasiyabirad, S (2015), Spatial and locative Consequences of a place sense of belonging in to place in Khorramabad districts, journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, Volume:2 Issue: 2, pp: 1-14. (in Persian)


5. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F., & Bonnes, M. (2002). Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome. Landscape and Urban Planning, 998, 1-12.


6. Cuba, L., &Hummon, D. M. (1993). A place to call home: identification with dwelling, community, and region. Sociological Quarterly, 34, 111–131.


7. Daneshpayeh, N & Habib, F (2018), The main factors affecting the formation of a sense of place in the new urban development zones (Case Study: Region No.22 & Region No.4 of Tehran Municipality), Motaleate Shahri, Volume:7 Issue: 25, pp: 17-30. (in Persian)


8. Daneshpour, A & Saffar Sabzevar, F (2018), An analysis of the physical factors influencing the place attachment in the old center of Sabzevar, Research and Urban Planning, Volume 9, Issue: 33, pp: 125-136. (in Persian)


9. Daneshpour, A & Shiri, E (2015), Physical-Functional Components Comprising the Identity of Historical Texture of Iranian-Islamic City, Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, Volume:5 Issue: 1, , pp: 17-25. (in Persian)


10. Doh, M. (2006). Change Through Tourism: Resident Perceptions of Tourism Development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, A&M University, Texas.


11. Eisenhauer, B., Krannich, R., & Blahna, D. (2000), Attachments to special places on public lands: An analysis of activities, reason for attachments, and community connections. Society and Natural Resources, 421-441.


12. Emami, A., Bazdar, M., Safari, M & Farahnaki, R (2018), The Determination of Relationship between Sense of Belonging and its Social Indicators, Case Study: Ziarat Village- Golestan, Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning, Volume:10 Issue: 21, pp: 11-21. (in Persian)


13. Falamaki, M.M (2009), Reconstruction of historic buildings and cities, University of Tehran. Press. (in Persian)


14. Ghanbaran, A., Salaehi, B., Ferdosian, S & Fatholahi, S (2018), Studying Effective Factors on the Sense of Belonging to a Place in Academic Spaces of Tehran, Iranian Higher Education, 10 (2), pp: 47-65. (in Persian)


15. Ghashghaei, R., Movahed, Kh & Mohammadzade, H (2016), Evaluation of sense of place with an emphasis on physical and environmental factors in urban beach (Case of Study: Boushehr Town), Geographical Urban Planning Research, Volume:4, Issue: 2, pp: 261-282. (in Persian)


16. Gokce, D & Chen, F (2020), Multimodal and scale-sensitive assessment of sense of place in residential areas of Ankara, Turkey, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-020-09798-6.


17. Grenni, S., Soini, K & Geertruida Horlings, L (2020), The inner dimension of sustainability transformation: how sense of place and values can support sustainable place-shaping, Sustainability Science, volume 15, pp: 411–422.


18. Habibi, D., Kasalaii, A., Gorjipoor, F & Tavakoli, M (2018), Explain the sense of belonging to place and identity in urban spaces with emphasis on traditional markets, Journal of Architecture, Volume:1 Issue: 3, pp: 1-8. (in Persian)


19. Haghparast, F., Asefi, M & Abizadeh, E (2019), Investigating effects of place identity components on the place attachment in Tabriz Historic Bazaar, Geographical Research, Volume:34 Issue: 3, pp: 312-303. (in Persian)


20. Hidalgo, M. C., & Herna´ndez, B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 273-281.


21. Kameli, M & Hosseini, S.B (2019), Modeling the structural relations of environmental order sense of place and attachment place with level of security, Safe City Journal, Volume 2, issue 5, pp: 1-12. (in Persian)


22. Kardavani, P & Mored Ghaffari, V (2011), Tourism & Renovation Attitude in planning of historical contents of cities Case Study: Isfahan City, Territory (Sarzamin), Volume 8, issue 2, pp: 19-32. (in Persian)


23. Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004). Effects of place attachment on users' perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 213-225.


24. Lewicka, M. (2005). Ways to make people active: The role of place attachment, cultural capital and neighborhood ties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25, 381–395.


25. Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30,35-51.


26. Livingston, M., Bailey, N., &Kearns, A. (2008). People’s Attachment to Place –the Influence of Neighborhood Deprivation. Glasgow: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.


27. Maleki, M.R., Parsa, S., Vasiq, B & Moradi, E (2015), Investigating the Sense of Dependency to the Place of Living Based On Gender Differences (Case Study: Ilam City), Housing and Rural Environment, Volume:33 Issue: 148, pp: 99-108. (in Persian)


28. Masterson, V.A., Enqvist, J.P., Stedman, R.C & Tengö, M (2019), Sense of place in social–ecological systems: from theory to empirics, Sustainability Science, volume 14, pp: 555–564.


29. Mazumdar, S., & Mazumdar, S. (2004). Religion and place attachment: A study of sacred places, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 385-397.


30. Meshkini, A., ghasemi, A & Hamzenejad, M (2015), The Evaluation of the Residents Sense of Attachment to Place in the New Towns (Case Study: Hashtgerd New Town), Geographic Space, Volume:14 Issue: 48, pp: 41-53. (in Persian)


31. Milligan, M. (1998). Interactional past and potential: the social construction of place attachment. Symbolic Interaction, 21(1), 1-33.


32. Ministry of Interior (2014), National Strategic Document for Rehabilitation, Improvement and Renovation and Empowerment of Dilapidated and Inefficient Urban Tissues, Prepared by the Ministry of Interior, Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization, Supreme Council of Provinces, Available at: Iran Urban Reconstruction Company website: http://udrc.ir. (in Persian)


33. Momenian, A., Dalakeh, H & Zakavat, M (2014), The Role of Urban Landscape in Recreating Historical Textures, National Conference on Architecture and Sustainable Urban Landscape, April 2014. (in Persian)


34. Montazerolhodjah, M., Sharifnejad, M & Dehghan, S (2017), Assessment of Factors Affecting the Sense of Place in Urban Neighborhood Centers Case Study: Sheikhdad Neighborhood and Shahrak Daneshgah Neighborhood, City of Yazd, Journal of Studies On Iranian - Islamic City, Volume:7 Issue: 26, pp: 43-54. (in Persian)


35. Nekoee, N., Momeni, K & Attarian, K (2019), Study on Place Attachment in Religious-Historical Buildings (Case study: Jameh Mosque of Isfahan), Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, Volume:9 Issue: 16, pp: 85-100. (in Persian)


36. Poorjafar, M.R., Eizadi, M.S & Khabiri, S (2015), Spatial attachment; Recognize the concept, principles and criteria, Hoviate shahr, Volume:24 Issue: 9, pp: 43-64. (in Persian)


37. Radonie, Hassan (2007), Conservation-Based Cultural, Environmental, and Economic Development: The Case of the Walled City of Fez, AKDN (AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK).


38. Rahimi, R., Ansari, M., Bemanian, M.R & Mahdavinejad, M.J (2019), Relation between sense of belonging to place and participation on promoting social capital in informal settlements(Case study: Tork-Mahalleh neighborhood at the city of Sari), journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, Volume:8 Issue: 1, pp: 15-29. (in Persian)


39. Sadrian, Z., Hosini, S.B & Norozian Maleki, S (2014), Improving the sense of belonging to the place by renovating the worn texture according to the interface space (Case study: Bagh Shater neighborhood of Tehran), Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, Vol 50, pp: 33-46. (in Persian)


40. Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Environmental psychology Journal, 1-10.


41. Shamai, S (1991), sence of Place: An Empirical measurement, Geforum Volume, 22: 347-358.


42. Shamsoldini, A., Jamini, D & Jamshidi, AR (2016), Measurement and analysis of social stability in rural areas (Case study: Javanrood Township), Journal of Rural Research, 7 (3): 486-503. (in Persian)


43. Stedman, R. (2003). Is it really a social construction? The contribution of physical environment to Sense of place. Society and Natural Resources, 16, 671-685.


44. Tan S, Tan S, Kok Y, Choon Sh (2018). Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage‐The case of George Town and Melaka. Tourism Management, 67, pp: 376‐


45. Tehran Urban Research & Planning Center (2016), Examining the perspectives of historical context management with emphasis on cultural and social requirements, City knowledge, No 363. (in Persian)


46. Vink, R & Varró, K (2021), Running Rotterdam: on how locals’ participation in running events fosters their sense of place, GeoJournal, volume 86, pp: 963–978.


47. Warzecha, C., & Lime, D. (2001). Place attachment in Canyonlands National Park: Visitors' assessment of setting attributes on the Colorado and Green Rivers. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 59-78.


48. Yazdani, M.H., Alipour, E & Mahmoudi, A (2020), Analysis of Urban Neighborhoods’ Identity with Emphasis on Sense of Belonging to the Place (Case Study: Thirteen Neighborhoods of the City of Ardebil), Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, Volume:6 Issue: 14, pp: 9-39. (in Persian)


49. Zekri, A & Jamalzadeh, S (2019), Assessing the Factors for Achieving a Sense of Belonging to Place for Improving the Quality of Life in Nursing House Residets, Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning, Volume:11, Issue: 25, pp: 293-300. (in Persian.