اثر ضد قارچی عصاره‌های گیاهی بر قارچ عامل پژمردگی فوزاریومی توتون

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

سید افشین سجادی ¹ (مربی، بخش گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش تیرتاش، بهشهر، ایران)
هدی عاصمی ² (استادیار، بخش گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش تیرتاش، بهشهر، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/12/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/12/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/03/01

کلید واژه: مهار زیستی, ترکیبات طبیعی گیاهی, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae,

چکیده مقاله :

بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی توتون، از بیماری­های عمده توتون در دنیا است که می­تواند خسارات زیادی را موجب شود. مهاراین بیماری باعصاره‌های گیاهی یکی از روش­های امن و دوستدار محیط زیست به شمار می­رود. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین فعالیت ضد قارچی عصاره‌ چند گیاه بر قارچ عامل پژمردگی فوزاریومی توتون (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae) تهیه شده با حلال­های مختلف بود. در این تحقیق عصاره‌های نه گونه گیاهی شامل نعناع گربه‌ای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، زوفا، بادرنجبویه پُرپر، بادرنجبویه، پونه کوهی ومریم گلیبا با استفاده از حلال‌های آب، استون، هگزان، اتانول و متانول با روش خیساندن استخراج و فعالیت ضد قارچی آنها در شرایط آزمایشگاه روی قارچ‌ عامل بیماری بررسی شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه عامل گیاه، حلال و غلظت و پنج تکرار انجام شد. بررسی حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره‌های گیاهی با استفاده از روش اختلاط با محیط کشت انجام شد. گیاهان نعناع گربه‌ای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، زوفا و بادرنجبویه پُرپر اثر بازدارندگی قابل توجهی بر رشد میسلیومی قارچ مورد بررسی در این مطالعه داشتند. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی مربوط به عصاره استخراجی با حلال متانول بود. بهترین غلظت بازدارندگی مربوط به غلظت 2000 قسمت در میلیون بود. حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره متانولی توتون، نعناع گربه‌ای، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، بادرنجبویه پُرپر و زوفا بر قارچ‌ بیماری‌زای مورد بررسی 5/1، 5/1، 2، 3، 3 و 3 میلی­گرم بر میلی­لیتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان از پتانسیل بالای عصاره متانولی توتون، نعناع گربه‌ای و آویشن کوهی در مهار زیستی قارچ عامل پژمردگی فوزاریومی توتون دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Tobacco Fusarium wilt is one of the most important tobacco diseases in the world being able to impose heavy losses. The disease control using plant extracts was considered as a safe and green method. The purpose of current research was to determine the antifungal activity of some plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae prepared with different solvents. In this study, crude extracts of nine plant species including catmint (Nepeta cataria), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thyme (Thymus pubescens), fennel (Foeniculum vulgar), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Badrashbi (Dracocephalum kotschyi), Balm (Melissa angustifolious), Nepeta (Mentha pulegium) and Salvia (Salvia verticilata) was extracted by maceration method using water, acetone, hexane, ethanol, and methanol as solvents. These extracts were tested in vitro for antifungal activity against tobacco Fusarium wilt. The experiment was performed in factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three factors of plant, solvent and concentration and five replications. The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was determined by medium mixing method. The crude extracts of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, hyssop and badrashbi had remarkable inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of fungus. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in methanolic extracts. The most inhibitory concentration was 2000 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, badrashbi, and hyssop the fungus was 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. The results showed the high potential of the methanol extract of tobacco, catmint and thyme which could be used as a biological product against tobacco Fusarium wilt.

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