بررسی توانایی آنتاگونیستی قارچ های اندوفیت ریشه و گونه های تریکودرما برروی قارچ Macrophomina phaseolinaدر شرایط آزمایشگاهی

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

فریبا عباس زاده ¹ , ابراهیم محمدی گل تپه ² , ابراهیم پورجم ³ , امیر خراسانی ⁴ , یونس رضایی دانش ⁵ , آجت ورما ⁶

1 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ایران.
2 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ایران.
3 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ایران.
4 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ایران.
5 - گروه گیاهپزشکی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه ایران.
6 - گروه مطالعاتی گیاهان داروئی و میکروبی، دانشگاه آمیتی نویدا ایالت اترپرادش، هندوستان.

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/08/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/07/01

کلید واژه: کنترل بیولوژیکی, Trichoderma spp, Sebacina vermifera, Piriformospora indica .Macrophomina phaseolina,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق، از دو قارچ اندوفیت ریشه (Sebacina vermifera و Piriformospora indica) و دو گونه تریکودرما
(T. viride )و Trichoderma harzianum (T-100) علیه قارچ Macrophomina phaseolina استفاده گردید . توانایی
آنتاگونیستی قارچ های اندوفیت ریشه و گونه های تریکودرما از طریق آزمایش های درون شیشه ای و به کمک روش کشت متقابل، کلنیزاسیون و تولید متابولیت های فرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت مساحت پرگنه M. phaseolina. هر روز اندازه گیری و درصد کاهش رشد هر روز در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد محاسبه شد. در کشت متقابل، تیماری که شامل هر دو گروه قار چ های اندوفیت و گونه های تریکودرما بود، بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی را بر روی رشد میسلیومی M. phaseolina داشت. بررسی قدرت کلنیزاسیون نشان داد که قارچ های آنتاگونیست قادرند پرگنه M. phaseolinaرا در برگرفته و آن را تجز یه نمایند . نتایجآزمون متابولیت های فرار نیز مشخص نمود که قارچ های اندوفیت بر خلاف گونه های تریکودرما قادر به تولید متابولیتهای فرارنمی باشند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Two root endophytic fungi (Piriformospora indica Varma and Sebacina vermifera Warcup), as well as two species of Trichoderma (T. viride and T. harzianum (T-100)) were used against Macrophomina phaseolina. Antagonistic ability of root endophytic fungi and Trichoderma species against the pathogen in dual culture, volatile metabolites and colonization were evaluated. Assays in dual culture revealed that antagonistic fungi produced a good zone of inhibition. Interaction of root endophytic fungi and Trichoderma species in combination resulted in maximum inhibition of mycelial growth and microsclerotia formation of the pathogen. The volatile metabolite studies revealed that endophytic fungi did not act by producing volatile metabolites but possibly by other mechanisms of competition or parasitism. As for mechanism of colonization, it was revealed that antagonistic fungi were able to overgrow the colony of the pathogen and lyse its mycelia.

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