تأثیر مداخله مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر برنامه ریزی نوجوانان با علایم زیر آستانه تشخیص اختلال نقص توجه-بیش فعالی در آزمون برج لندن

محورهای موضوعی : روش ها و مدل های روانشناختی

بهناز کیانی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز.)
حبیب هادیان فرد ² (دانشیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه شیراز)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/05/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/02/01

کلید واژه: برنامه ریزی, آموزش مراقبه ذهن آگاهی, اختلال نقص توجه-بیش فعالی, آزمون برج لندن,

چکیده مقاله :

    ذهن آگاهی از راه مکانیزم‌های فرا تشخیصی از جمله برنامه ریزی اثرگذار است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر آموزش مراقبه ذهن آگاهی بر کارکرد برنامه ریزی نوجوانان دختر با علایم زیر آستانه تشخیص اختلال نقص توجه- بیش فعالی (ADHD) در آزمون برج لندن (TLT) بود. این پژوهش آزمایشی شامل طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش تمام نوجوانان دختر (13 تا 15 سال) با علایم زیر آستانه تشخیص ADHD بود که پس از غربالگری، 30 نفر به عنوان اعضای نمونه به گونه تصادفی در گروههای درمان (15 نفر) و کنترل (15 نفر) گمارده شدند. تمرین های مراقبه ذهن آگاهی در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای در طول 8 هفته به گروه درمان ارایه شد. اما، گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکرد. TLT پیش از مداخله و 1 ماه پس از اتمام مداخله در مورد هر دو گروه اجرا شد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس یک راهه نشان داد که کارکرد برنامه ریزی گروه درمان در TLT از نظر تعداد مسئله‌های حل شده صحیح و نمره صحیح درصدی در 1 ماه پس از پایان مداخله در مقایسه با گروه کنترل با اندازه اثر بالا، به گونه معناداری بهبود می‌یابد (05/0>P). اما، تفاوتی معنادار بین دو گروه در زمان برنامه ریزی و زمان کل در 1 ماه پس از مداخله وجود نداشت. در مجموع، آموزش مراقبه ذهن آگاهی کارکرد برنامه‌ریزی در TLT را در نوجوانان دختر ADHD زیر آستانه تشخیص بهبود می‌بخشد. تلاش‌های توسعه درمان باید جمعیت‌های بالینی را هدف قرار دهد که مشکلاتی در این مکانیزم‌ فرا تشخیصی نشان می‌دهند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

    Mindfulness is effective via transdiagnostic mechanisms such as planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mindfulness meditation training on planning function of female adolescents with subthreshold symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Tower of London Test (TLT). The current study was experimental including pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all female adolescents (13 to 15 years) with subthreshold ADHD symptoms that after screening, 30 subjects as the members of sample were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Mindfulness meditation practices was presented to the treatment group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes during 8-week however, the control group received no training. TLT was performed on both groups before and 1 month after intervention. The results of one-way analysis of covariance showed that the planning function of the treatment group in TLT was improved significantly (p<0.05) in number of correctly solved items and percentage correct score in 1 month after intervention relative to the control group with large effect size however, there was no significant difference between two groups in planning time and total time in 1 month after intervention. Totally, mindfulness meditation training improves the planning function in TLT in subthreshold ADHD female adolescents. Treatment development efforts should target clinical populations that exhibit difficulties in this transdiagnostic mechanism.

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