اثربخشی روش مداخله مبتنی بر اصلاح سوگیری شناختی نسبت به نشانه‌های سیگار بر سوگیری شناختی و آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد افراد سیگاری
محورهای موضوعی :
اصغر سهرابی شکفتی
1
,
علی پاکیزه
2
,
مجتبی جنگخیز
3
1 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.
3 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بوشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: اصلاح سوگیری شناختی, آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد, نشانه‌های سیگار, کارمندان سیگاری.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی اصلاح سوگیری شناختی نسبت به نشانه‌های سیگار بر سوگیری شناختی و آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد مواد مخدر کارمندان سیگاری اجرا شد.
روش: روش پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون_پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی کارمندان مرد سیگاری شاغل در ادارات دولتی شهر بوشهر در سال 1401 بود. ابتدا با استفاده از روش تصادفی، تعداد هشت اداره از ادارات دولتی شهر بوشهر انتخاب، سپس طی فراخوانی در ادارات مذکور از کارمندان سیگاری آنها خواسته شد در صورت تمایل به شرکت در یک پروژه پژوهشی روانشناختی اعلام آمادگی نمایند. سرانجام، با استفاده از روش تصادفی ساده تعداد 37 نفر از 83 فرد سیگاری که برای شرکت در پژوهش اعلام آمادگی کرده بودند، انتخاب شدند و به روش گمارش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (19 نفر ) و کنترل (18 نفر) قرار گرفتند. اعضای گروه آزمایش در برنامه 8 جلسه اصلاح سوگیری شناختی نسبت به نشانه‌های سیگار شرکت کردند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش نسخه ایرانی آزمایه کاوش نقطه موسسه علوم رفتاری شناختی سینا و پرسش‌نامه آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد مواد مخدر اهواز بود که در دو مرحله پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون بر روی دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل انجام شدند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از شاخص آماری تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شده است.
یافته ها: نتایج تحلیل نشان داد که اصلاح سوگیری شناختی نسبت به نشانه‌های سیگار موجب کاهش معناداری در میانگین نمرات سوگیری شناختی و آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد گروه آزمایش نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (01/0P<) .
نتيجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که مداخله اصلاح سوگیری شناختی می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش مفید برای کاهش سوگیری شناختی و آمادگی ابتلا به اعتیاد مواد مخدر در افراد سیگاری به کار رود.
Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the modification of cognitive bias towards the symptoms of smoking on cognitive bias and susceptibility to drug addiction in smoking employees.
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test post-test design and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included the smoking male employees of Bushehr city in 2022. Inorder to sampling, first using a random method eight offices from the government offices in Bushehr selected, then through a call smoking employees were asked to declare their readiness to participate in a psychological research project. Finally, 37 men out of 83 smokers who were ready to participate in the research were selected using a simple random method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (19 individuals) and the control group (18 individuals). The members of the experimental group participated in an eight cognitive bias modification towards smoking symptoms sessions. The data was collected by the Sinai Cognitive Behavioral Science Institute Dot Probe Task and the Ahvaz Addiction Preparation Scale. in two stages before and after the intervention, and covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results of the research showed that the intervention aimed at modifying the cognitive bias towards the symptoms of smoking lead to a significant reduction in the cognitive bias as well as the susceptibility to addiction of the experimental group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of interventions aimed at modifying cognitive bias on reducing cognitive bias and reducing the tendency to use drugs, the implementation of such interventions in populations susceptible to addiction will have an effective and low-cost role in preventing addiction.
1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. World Health Organization; 2015 Aug 13.
2. Gan WQ, Buxton JA, Scheuermeyer FX, Palis H, Zhao B, Desai R, Janjua NZ, Slaunwhite AK. Risk of cardiovascular diseases in relation to substance use disorders. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2021 Dec 1;229:109132.
3. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. World Health Organization; 2019 Feb 14.
4. Iran Anti-Narcotics Organization. Yearbook of the headquarters of the fight against drugs. Tehran: Research and Training Office of the Narcotics Control Headquarters. 2017.
5. Ochube AG, Ogbe EO, Ndalazhi F. The Dynamics of Drug Abuse: A Study of Mkpurummiri Ravaging South East Nigeria. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 10. 2022(1):26-31.
6. Nikdel M, Bakhtiyar Pour S, Naderi F, Ehteshamzadeh P. Investigating the Mediating Role of Meaning of Life in the Relationship between Depression, Family Emotional Atmosphere, and Suicidal Ideation in Drug-Addicted Women. Journal of Applied Psychological Research. 2022 Feb 20;12(4):117-38.
7. Nateghi M, Sohrabi F. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the impulsivity of adolescents with drug addiction. Journal of Psychology New Ideas. 2022 Mar 10;11(15):1-8.
8. Dabiri S. The Role of Self-Control, Emotions, and Self-Compassion in the Prediction of Addiction Readiness. Etiad pajohi. 2022 16(65):311-332.
9. Thombs DL, Osborn CJ. Introduction to addictive behaviors. 2019.
10. Farris SG, DiBello AM, Heggeness LF, Reitzel LR, Vidrine DJ, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Sustained smoking abstinence is associated with reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance among treatment-seeking smokers. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry. 2016 Jun 1;51:51-7.
11. Zeinali A, Vahdat R, Garadingeh K. The relationship between parenting style and addiction susceptibility in children. Journal of family research. 2010 Jan 1;6(23):335-52.
12. Chang G, Sherritt L, Knight JR. Adolescent cigarette smoking and mental health symptoms. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2005 Jun 1;36(6):517-22.
13. Ehteshami, A, Cigarettes Consumption as a Gate of Drug Abuse, Social Health and Addiction, 2015; 2(5): 87-102.
14. De Souza ES, Crippa JA, Pasian SR, Martinez JA. Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: translation to Portuguese, cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil and evaluation of test-retest reliability. J Bras Pneumol. 2009 Jul 1;35(7):683-9.
15. Giuliani KK, Mire OA, Jama S, DuBois DK, Pryce D, Fahia S, Ehrlich LC. Tobacco use and cessation among Somalis in Minnesota. American journal of preventive medicine. 2008 Dec 1;35(6):S457-62.
16. McNeil JJ, Piccenna L, Ioannides-Demos LL. Smoking cessation–recent advances. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy. 2010 Aug;24:359-67.
17. Lopes FM, Pires AV, Bizarro L. Attentional bias modification in smokers trying to quit: a longitudinal study about the effects of number of sessions. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2014 Jul 1;47(1):50-7.
18. Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2015.
19. Cox WM, Fadardi JS, Intriligator JM, Klinger E. Attentional bias modification for addictive behaviors: clinical implications. CNS spectrums. 2014 Jun;19(3):215-24.
20. Jones EB, Sharpe L. Cognitive bias modification: A review of meta-analyses. Journal of affective disorders. 2017 Dec 1;223:175-83.
21. Mogg K, Millar N, Bradley BP. Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2000 Nov;109(4):695.
22. Cassin SE, von Ranson KM, Whiteford S. Cognitive processing of body and appearance words as a function of thin-ideal internalization and schematic activation. Body Image. 2008 Sep 1;5(3):271-8.
23. Masiero M, Lucchiari C, Pravettoni G. Personal fable: optimistic bias in cigarette smokers. International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction. 2015 Mar;4(1).
24. Mills EJ, Wu P, Lockhart I, Wilson K, Ebbert JO. Adverse events associated with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of one hundred and twenty studies involving 177,390 individuals. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2010 Dec;8:1-5.
25. Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML. Pharmacotherapy for Nicotine Dependence 1. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2005 Sep;55(5):281-99.
26. Moore D, Aveyard P, Connock M, Wang D, Fry-Smith A, Barton P. Effectiveness and safety of nicotine replacement therapy assisted reduction to stop smoking: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2009 Apr 2;338.
27. Trout S, Goldstein AO, Marks L, Ripley-Moffitt C. Treating tobacco use in patients with incurable malignancies: Should we even start the conversation?. Journal of palliative medicine. 2018 Jun 1;21(6):746-50.
28. Fiore MC. US public health service clinical practice guideline: treating tobacco use and dependence. Respiratory care. 2000 Oct 1;45(10):1200-62.
29. Heydarian, Rabiei, Shahidi, Enayatullah, Doran, Ahmadi Tahor Sultani. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on hypnosis on smoking cessation index, anxiety and self-efficacy. Scientific Research Quarterly Journal of Law Enforcement Medicine. 2019 Dec 17;7(3):103-9
30. Faymonville ME, Roediger L, Del Fiore G, Delgueldre C, Phillips C, Lamy M, Luxen A, Maquet P, Laureys S. Increased cerebral functional connectivity underlying the antinociceptive effects of hypnosis. Cognitive Brain Research. 2003 Jul 15;17(2):255-62.
31. Egner T, Jamieson G, Gruzelier J. Hypnosis decouples cognitive control from conflict monitoring processes of the frontal lobe. Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 1;27(4):969-78.
32 .Shiffman S, Gwaltney CJ, Balabanis MH, Liu KS, Paty JA, Kassel JD, Hickcox M, Gnys M. Immediate antecedents of cigarette smoking: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment. 2009.
33. Verhees MW, Ceulemans E, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van IJzendoorn MH, De Winter S, Bosmans G. The effects of Cognitive Bias Modification training and oxytocin administration on trust in maternal support: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Dec;18:1-4.
34. Baird SO, Rinck M, Rosenfield D, Davis ML, Fisher JR, Becker ES, Powers MB, Smits JA. Reducing approach bias to achieve smoking cessation: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2017 Aug;41:662-70.
35. Machulska A, Zlomuzica A, Rinck M, Assion HJ, Margraf J. Approach bias modification in inpatient psychiatric smokers. Journal of psychiatric research. 2016 May 1;76:44-51.
36. MacLeod C, Mathews A. Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2012 Apr 27;8:189-217.
37. Khodadi M, Nokani M, Amani H. Dot probe task and cognitive bias modification software. Institute for behavioral and cognitive sciences. Tehran: Sina Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences Research. 2015.
38. Boukhechba M, Gong J, Kowsari K, Ameko MK, Fua K, Chow PI, Huang Y, Teachman BA, Barnes LE. Physiological changes over the course of cognitive bias modification for social anxiety. In2018 IEEE EMBS international conference on biomedical & health informatics (BHI) 2018 Mar 4 (pp. 422-425). IEEE.
39. taherifard M, basharpoor S, hajloo N, narimani M. The Pattern of Structural Relationships of Relapse of Individuals with Substance Use Disorder based on Attentional Bias and Reward Sensitivity with the Mediating Role of Inhibition Control. etiadpajohi 2021; 15 (60) :117-142
40. Moini, Z., Talepasand, S., Rahimian Bougar, I., & Rezaei, A.M. Investigating the effectiveness of attention bias modification intervention on anxious attachment style, empathy, cognitive flexibility and emotional self-disclosure in medical personnel of Tehran army hospital 505. Journal of Psychological Science. 2023. 22(122), 309-326.
41. Kroener J, Greiner A, Sosic-Vasic Z. Protocol: Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) for post-traumatic stress disorder: study protocol of an app-based randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13(2).
42. Wiers RW, Gladwin TE, Hofmann W, Salemink E, Ridderinkhof KR. Cognitive bias modification and cognitive control training in addiction and related psychopathology: Mechanisms, clinical perspectives, and ways forward. Clinical Psychological Science. 2013 Apr;1(2):192-212.
43. Hosp MK, Hosp JL, Howell KW. The ABCs of CBM: A practical guide to curriculum-based measurement. Guilford Publications; 2016 Apr 5.
44. Boffo M, Zerhouni O, Gronau QF, van Beek RJ, Nikolaou K, Marsman M, Wiers RW. Cognitive bias modification for behavior change in alcohol and smoking addiction: Bayesian meta-analysis of individual participant data. Neuropsychology Review. 2019 Mar 15;29:52-78.
45. Delavar A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Roshd. (2016) . 100-99.
46. Zargar Y. Construction and validation of the Iranian scale of readiness for addiction. The second conference of the Iranian Psychological Association; Iran: Tehran 2006.
47. Zargar Y, Najarian B, Naami A. Investigating the Relationship between Personality Characteristics (Excitement, Expression, Psychological Hardiness), Religious Attitude and Marital Satisfaction with Preparedness of Addiction among Employees of an Industrial Company in Ahvaz. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology. 2008;15(1):99-120.
48. MacLeod C, Mathews A, Tata P. Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology. 1986 Feb;95(1):15.
49. Dehghani, Mohsen; Khatibi, Ali and Pourtemad, Hamidreza. (2009). Construction and validation of the revised version of the "Dot probe" visual test using emotional faces as stimuli. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 3(4), 270-265.
50. Nikbakht A. Review of novel computerized and virtual interventions in the field of depression and anxiety: cognitive bias modification. Rooyesh 2019; 8 (8) :137-148.
51. Attwood AS, O'Sullivan H, Leonards U, Mackintosh B, Munafò MR. Attentional bias training and cue reactivity in cigarette smokers. Addiction. 2008 Nov;103(11):1875-82.
52. Arsanjani M, Zargham Hajebi M, Mirzahosseini H. The effectiveness of cognitive bias Modification intervention on reducing attention bias of students with test anxiety. Education Strategies in Medical Sciences. 2020 Jan 1;13(4):325-34.
53. Field M, Powell H. Stress increases attentional bias for alcohol cues in social drinkers who drink to cope. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 2007 Nov 1;42(6):560-6.
54. Montazeri M S, Makvand Hosseini S, Bigdeli I, Sabahi P. Effectiveness of Therapeutic Intervention of Retraining of Executive Functions on Cigarette Dependency. Journal title 2018; 5 (4) :61-70.
55. Zeinali A. Development and Validation of addiction susceptibility Questionnaire-student version (ASQ-SV). Journal of Educational Psychology. 2014 Feb 20;4(4):1-1.
56. Rahmati M M. The Factors Affecting Drug Abuse Among Addicted Women. etiadpajohi 2002; 1 (1).
57. Ramsay DS, Al-Noori S, Shao J, Leroux BG, Woods SC, Kaiyala KJ. Predicting addictive vulnerability: Individual differences in initial responding to a drug’s pharmacological effects. PloS one. 2015 Apr 16;10(4):e0124740.
58. Robinson JD, Cui Y, Linares Abrego P, Engelmann JM, Prokhorov AV, Vidrine DJ, Shete S, Cinciripini PM. Sustained reduction of attentional bias to smoking cues by smartphone-delivered attentional bias modification training for smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2022 Nov;36(7):906.
59. Zhang MW. Cognitive Biases and Addictive Disorders: A Bibliometric Review. Psychiatry International. 2022 Apr 8;3(2):131-41.
60. Browning M, Holmes EA, Charles M, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Using attentional bias modification as a cognitive vaccine against depression. Biological psychiatry. 2012 Oct 1;72(7):572-9.
61. Nejati V, Sadeghi Meresht A, Moradi Y, Barzegar B. The Influence of Consciousness on Inhibition of and Attentional Bias to Stimuli Associated with Drugs among Heroin Users. etiadpajohi 2014; 8 (30) :21-34.
62. Dunning JP, Parvaz MA, Hajcak G, Maloney T, Alia‐Klein N, Woicik PA, Telang F, Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Goldstein RZ. Motivated attention to cocaine and emotional cues in abstinent and current cocaine users–an ERP study. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2011 May;33(9):1716-23
