مطالعة تطبیقی روش‌شناسی فلسفی ارسطو و فارابی
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی
ابو سعید داورپناه
1
(کارشناس دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان)
کلید واژه: روش, فلسفی, ارسطو, فارابی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از نگارش این مقاله، مطالعة تطبیقی روش فلسفی ارسطو و فارابی به‌منظورِ بررسی میزان وجوه تفاوت و تشابه در حل مسائل فلسفی است. روش تحقیق نظری است که با روش تحلیل محتوا و با رویکرد کیفی انجام گرفته‌است. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مطالعة کتابخانه‌ای بوده‌است. برای یافتن وجوه تفاوت و تشابه، نخست توصیفی از روش ارسطو و فارابی در حل مسائل فلسفی ارائه شده؛ سپس ویژگی‌های روش فلسفی هر‌یک از این دو فیلسوف بیان شده‌است. در ادامه به بیان دشواری‌های روش فلسفی هر فیلسوف پرداخته‌شده‌است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که وجوه تشابه روش فلسفی بیشتر از وجوه تمایز بوده‌است؛ بنابراین، از جمع‌بندی این دو روش می‌توان ادعا کرد که فارابی در روش فلسفی خود از ارسطو الگو‌برداری کرده‌است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که فارابی با الهام از اندیشه‌های ارسطو و با آگاهی کامل از اندیشه‌های فلاسفة یونان و به‌خصوص ارسطو و با تأثیر‌پذیری مستقیم از او، ضمن پذیرش روش فلسفی‌اش، به تشریح اندیشه‌های این فیلسوف در قالب روش فلسفی خود پرداخته‌است؛ البتّه اختلاف‌هایی نیز با ارسطو دارد. روش فارابی اصول‌گرایانه، فراجناحی، سلسله‌مراتبی و نظام‌مند است. وی از روش عدم‌‌تعارض تقابلی و تکاملی و صلح‌جویانه بهره گرفته که موردِ علاقة ارسطو نبوده‌است.
The purpose of this article is to study the comparative approach of Aristotle and Farabi's philosophical method to examine the extent of differences and similarities in solving philosophical problems. The research method is a theoretical research method which has been done by content analysis and with a qualitative approach. Information gathering tools have been used to collect information from different books and through library research. To give attention to the differences and similarities, the first is a description of Aristotle and Fara bi's method in solving philosophical problems. Subsequently, the characteristics of the philosophical method of each of these two philosophers are expressed. Further, the difficulties of the philosophical method of each philosopher are discussed. It seems that the similarities of the philosophical method were more than the means of differentiation, and thus the combination of these two methods can be claimed to have modeled Farabi in his philosophical method of Aristotle. With the inspiration of Aristotle's ideas and with the full knowledge of the thoughts of Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle, and with the direct influence of him, Farabi seems to have, by adopting Aristotle's philosophical method, elucidates Aristotle's ideas in the form of his philosophical method, Of course there are differences with Aristotle. Farabi's methodology has been based on principled, phrasal, hierarchical, and systematic, non-conflicting, evolutionary and peaceful conflicts that have not been of interest to Aristotle.
- Abdi, Hassan. (2009). Coming to Aristotle's methodology in solving philosophical problems. Research. First Year, No. 2: 55-74.
- Abdolmohammadi, Rasool. (2007). The Method of Aristotle, Bacon and Descartes. Kharadname Hamshahri Press, No. 18: 30-32.
- Abedi, Heydar Ali. (2010). Application of Phenomenology Research Method in Clinical Sciences. Political Science, No. 54: 254-227.
- Alfakhori, Henna and Alger, Khalil. (1988). The History of Philosophy in the Islamic World, Translated by: Abdolmohammad Ayati, Tehran, Organization for the Publishing and Teaching of the Islamic Revolution.
- Aristotle. (1989). Metaphysics, Loeb classical library. (Greek, English) .LCL 271.
- Aristotle. (1998). In Existence & corruption. Translation by Esmail Saadat. Tehran: Center for Academic Publishing.
- Aristotle. (1999). Metaphysics. Translation by Mohammad Hassan Lotfi. Tehran: New Design. Press.
- Awani, Gholamreza. (2007). A comparative study of the historiography of philosophy from the perspective of Suhrawardi, Aristotle and Hegel. Hemmat and Knowledge Information Research Monthly, No. 6: 21-15.
- Azad Barmaki, Taghi. (1995). the social thought of Muslim thinkers (from Farabi to Ibn Khaldun). Tehran: Soroush Publication.
- Bagheri, Khosro and Khosravi, Zohre. (2008). Educational Research, Criminology, and Psychology. Educational Innovations Sixth Year, No. 21: 49-76.
- Binaye Motlagh, Saeed and Kondori, Elham. (2012). Aristotle's Verses to Platonic Ideas. Islamic Philosophy and Theology Word Mirror of Knowledge of Shahid Beheshti University: 32-1.
- Cartwright Nancy. (1992). Aristotelian natures and the modern experimental method. Inference. Explanation and other frustration. Essays in philosophy of Science. Edited by John Herman.
- Copelston, Frederick. (1996). History of philosophy. Translation by Seyyed Jalal- Al -Din Mojtaboi et al., Vol. 1. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications.
- Rosenberg, Lawrence. (2007) Aristotle’s method for outstanding oral argument. the journal of the section litigation , American bar association. vol.33,No.4, pp.: 39-33.
- Danesh Pajoh, Mohammad Taghi. (1945). From Aristotle's Logic to New Methodology: The Publishing of the Computer Center of Islamic Sciences (Normag’s): 25-20.
- Davari Ardakani, Reza. (1995). Farabi, Tehran: New Design.
- Davari Ardakani, Reza. (1998). Farabi, founder of Islamic philosophy. Tehran: Publications of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- Davari Ardakani, Reza. (2000). About science. Tehran: Hermes Press.
- Delavar, Ali. (1989). Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame-e-Noor University Press.
- Dibaji, Seyyed Mohammad Ali. (2008). Methodology of the Ishraq Wisdom. Philosophy of the Fourth Year, No. 4: 115-132.
- Esmaili, Mohammad Javad. (2005). Greek Philosophy Record in Persian. Rahnemun Journal, Issue 11 and 12: 182-163.
- Farabi, Abu Nasr. (1982). Thoughts from the Medina of Al-Fattah, Translated by Saied Ja'far Sajjadi, Tehran: Zohori Library Publications.
- Farabi, Abu Nasr. (1985). Ehsa ol-ulum, translated by Hossein Khadiv Jam. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications.
- Farabi, Abu Nasr. (2000.) Civic Policy. Translation by Seyyed Ja’far Sajjadi, Third Edition, Tehran, Publishing and Printing Organization of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
- Farabi, Abu Nasr. (2008.) Aggregation between the votes of Al-Hakim in. In Farabi Racael, translated by Sa’eed Rahimian. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications.
- Farabi, Abu Nasr. (2011). Extensions, translation of Fatali Akbari, Abadan, Porsesh Press.
- Fayedeie, Akbar. (2004). The logical innovations of Ibn Sina and its effect on Aristotelian logic. Chapter of the Religious Thought of Shiraz University: 67-84.
- Frank. Erick. (1940). the fundamental oppositions of Plato and Aristotle. The American journal of philology. vol.61, No.2.pp:166-185.
- Gall, M; Borg, V. (2003). Quantitative and qualitative research methods in education and psychology. Translation of Nasr & et al., Tehran: the position.
- Gotthelf.Allan. (2012). Theology first principles and scientific method in Aristotle biology. Oxford University press.
- Hare. M.A. (1971). Essays on philosophical methods. University of California press losangeles.
- Hasani, Seyyed Hamid Reza. (2012). The Relationship between Understanding and Explanation in the Humanities and Natural Sciences. The Journal of Culture and Thought, Methodology of Social Sciences, quoted from Rasukhoon.
- Hossein Zadeh, Mehdi. (2010). The Influence of Aristotle's Political Philosophy on Muslim Philosophers through Ibn Rushd. Fundamental Phrasal Structure quarterly of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. First year, first issue: 25-46.
- Imani, Mohsen and Babaie, Mohammad Ismael. (2008). Farabi's valuation and its implications in moral education (with emphasis on goals, methods and principles). Two chapters on the science of Islamic education of the third year, No. 7: 104-81.
- Javanmard, Kamal. (2001) Farabi Methodological Foundations. Strategic Management Research, No. 26-25: 273-292.
- Kalton, S M Moser. (1992). Research Method. Translation by Kazem Izadi Third Volume Tehran. Keyhan Press.
- Kamali Zadeh, Tahereh. (2013). Reason in Aristotle's philosophy, narrated by Alexander and Farabi. Magazine Islamic Philosophy and Theology. The second issue, the forty-fifth year.
- Kardan, Ali Mohammad. (1995). Explaining the Role of Education in the Development of Science and Technology. The Philosophy and the Word journal. Cultural Research Letter: 56-51.
- Kardan, Ali Mohammad etal. (2003). Teaching and Education. First volume. Tehran: Samt Press.
- Khoshrou, Gholamali. (1995). Identifying types of communities from the perspective of Farabi and Ibn Khaldun. Tehran: Information publication.
- Rosenberg, Lawrence Larry. (2010). Aristotle's Ways to Perform Explicit Oral Argument, Hassan Mohsen i’s Translations, Vol. 39 & 40: 77-55.
- Lotf Abadi, Hussein. (2006). The philosophy of science Minavi (the unifying foundation of transcendental wisdom and objective knowledge in research on education and psychology). Educational studies and psychology. Number 25: 235-251.
- Maftoni, Nadia. (2010). The logical structure of issues and the subject of science with Aristotle, Farabi, Avicenna and Ibn Rushd. Two chapters of the scientific journal - the research of Hekmat Sinavy (Meshkat al-Anwar). Fourteenth Year: 87-105.
- MacLeod, Owen. (1995).Aristotle's method. History of philosophy quarterly Vol. 12.No.1.University of Illinois press.PP:1-18.
- Naghibzadeh, Mir Abdolhossein. (1998). Speeches in Philosophy and Philosophy of Education. Tehran, Zohori Library Press.
- Naji, Sa’eed. (2006). Cash on teaching research method in country's education system. Methodology of the Humanities, No. 47: 136-154.
- Naeme, Sheikh Abdullah. (1988). Shia philosophers. Translation Seyed Ja’far Ghazban. Tehran: Organization for the Publishing and Teaching of the Islamic Revolution.
- Nous Boom. (2003) Aristotle. Translations: Ezatollah Fouladvand, Tehran, New Project Press: 44-33.
- Rahimi, Soltan Ali. (2011). Farabi and Haber Mas methodology. Cultural Social Knowledge. Second year, Number two: 65-90.
- Robin. Smith. (1998). Dialectic and method in Aristotle. Texas A& M University.
- Sadra, Alireza. (2003). Farabi's Methodology in Civil Engineering. Political Science, Year Six, Number Twenty-Two: 97 -133.
- Saghafi, Seyyed Mohammad. (2006). Methodology and Sociology of Religion. Quarterly Journal of Humanities Methodology. Twelfth Year, Forty-eight. 9-25.
- Saroukhani, Baqer. (1998). Methods of research in the social sciences. Tehran. Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- Shahriari, Parviz. (1981). Abu Nasr Farabi, Secondary Teacher, Methodologist and Mathematician. Literature and Languages (JISTA) No. 6: 648-651.
- Shamshiri, Babak. (2007). The Reasoning Relationship of Evaluation Methods with the Principles of Educational Philosophy Governing the Iranian Education System: The Role of Valuation in Achieving Goals. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities University of Shiraz, Volume Twenty-Six, No. 3: 93-97.
- Shareiyatmadari, Ali. (1998). Philosophy: Philosophical Issues, Philosophical Schools, Foundations of Sciences. Tehran: Islamic Culture Publishing Office.
- Taheri, Sayed Sadr al-Din and Suleiman Meygoni, Masoomeh. (2012). The post-metaphysical philosophy in the synod system. (-): 1-19.
- Tanhaie, Hussein Abolhassan. (2000). Islamic theoretical sociology. Mashhad: So khan Gostar Publications Terence Reprinted in Owen, Logic,Scienceand Dialectic.
- Wians, Robert. (1996). Aristotle's philosophical development. Problems and prospects by roman and little field publishers. USA.
- Yosefian, Javad. (1991) Farabi. Education Growth Magazine, Issue 10: 15-29.
- Zarei, Asghar and Sheikh Hasani, Mahmoud. (2008). Security in the Viewpoint of Abu Nasr Farabi. Strategic Attitudes Monthly. No. 99: 77-95.
- ZibaKalam, Fatemeh. (2006). Considerations about the philosophy of education from Aristotle's point of view, with emphasis on the importance of teaching emotion and its application in Iranian educational system. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran. Volume 36, Number 3 and 4: 44-25.
_||_