مطالعة تطبیقی روش‌شناسی فلسفی ارسطو و فارابی
الموضوعات :
ابو سعید داورپناه
1
(کارشناس دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: روش, فلسفی, ارسطو, فارابی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف از نگارش این مقاله، مطالعة تطبیقی روش فلسفی ارسطو و فارابی به‌منظورِ بررسی میزان وجوه تفاوت و تشابه در حل مسائل فلسفی است. روش تحقیق نظری است که با روش تحلیل محتوا و با رویکرد کیفی انجام گرفته‌است. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مطالعة کتابخانه‌ای بوده‌است. برای یافتن وجوه تفاوت و تشابه، نخست توصیفی از روش ارسطو و فارابی در حل مسائل فلسفی ارائه شده؛ سپس ویژگی‌های روش فلسفی هر‌یک از این دو فیلسوف بیان شده‌است. در ادامه به بیان دشواری‌های روش فلسفی هر فیلسوف پرداخته‌شده‌است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که وجوه تشابه روش فلسفی بیشتر از وجوه تمایز بوده‌است؛ بنابراین، از جمع‌بندی این دو روش می‌توان ادعا کرد که فارابی در روش فلسفی خود از ارسطو الگو‌برداری کرده‌است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که فارابی با الهام از اندیشه‌های ارسطو و با آگاهی کامل از اندیشه‌های فلاسفة یونان و به‌خصوص ارسطو و با تأثیر‌پذیری مستقیم از او، ضمن پذیرش روش فلسفی‌اش، به تشریح اندیشه‌های این فیلسوف در قالب روش فلسفی خود پرداخته‌است؛ البتّه اختلاف‌هایی نیز با ارسطو دارد. روش فارابی اصول‌گرایانه، فراجناحی، سلسله‌مراتبی و نظام‌مند است. وی از روش عدم‌‌تعارض تقابلی و تکاملی و صلح‌جویانه بهره گرفته که موردِ علاقة ارسطو نبوده‌است.
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