تأثیر بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید بر ظرفیت صادراتی دوجانبه بخش کشاورزی ایران و اتحادیه اروپا

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

رضا رستگاری ¹ (کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران)
حمیدرضا میرزایی خلیل آبادی ² (استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/06/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: مدل جاذبه, بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید, اتحادیه اروپا, ظرفیت صادراتی, شاخص تورنکوئیست,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه و هدف: کشاورزی از مهم­ترین محورهای پیشرفت و توسعه اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان به­شمار می­رود از­ این­رو، توجه به توان و ظرفیت­های بالقوه صادراتی این بخش و عوامل مؤثر بر افزایش این ظرفیت­ها در تجارت بین­المللی در پرتوی بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بسیار ضروری به­نظر می­رسد. برهمین اساس، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بر ظرفیت صادراتی دوجانبه بخش کشاورزی ایران و کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی از طریق شاخص تورنکوئیست محاسبه و از مدل جاذبه به­منظور مطالعه اثر متغیر بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید کشاورزی ایران و اتحادیه اروپا و دیگر متغیرهای اثرگذار طی دوره زمانی2015-1980 استفاده شده است. داده­های آماری مربوط به ایران و 24 کشور عضو اتحادیه اروپا می­باشد، و از روش داده­های تابلویی با استفاده از الگوی اثرات ثابت برای برآورد مدل استفاده شده است.  
یافته ها: نتایج مربوط به مدل اثر ثابت برای ظرفیت صادراتی بخش کشاورزی ایران نشان داد که، بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید ایران و بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید کشورهای واردکننده (اتحادیه اروپا) تأثیر مثبت و معنی­دار بر ظرفیت صادراتی بخش کشاورزی ایران دارد. همچنین نتایج حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنی­دار بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی کشورهای عضو این اتحادیه و معنی­دار نبودن تأثیر بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید ایران بر ظرفیت صادراتی اتحادیه اروپا است.
بحث و نتیجه ­گیری: پیشنهاد می­شود در مطالعات آتی راهکارهای اجرایی رسیدن به رشد بهره­و­ری بالاتر توسط متولیان همچون سرمایه­گذاری بیشتر، آموزش بهتر و فراگیرتر برای تولیدکنندگان، به­کارگیری تکنولوژی روز در مسیر تولید، تخصصی کردن کارگرها در اولویت قرار گیرد تا نتایج مطلوب‌تری حاصل شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: The agricultural sector is one of the most important axes of economic development in many countries of the world. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to the power and potential export capacities of this sector and the factors affecting the increase of these capacities in international trade in light of the Total productivity of production factors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the total productivity of production factors on the bilateral export capacity of Iran's agricultural sector and the European Union member countries.Materials and Methods: In this study the total productivity of agricultural production factors is calculated through the Tornqvist index and from the gravity model to study the effect of variable of agricultural TFP of Iran and the European Union, and other influencing variables during the period of 1980-2015 have been used. The statistical data are related to Iran and 24 EU members state and the panel data method using the fixed effects model has been used to estimate the model.
Findings: The results of the fixed effect model for the export capacity of Iran's agricultural sector showed that the total productivity of production factors in Iran and the total productivity of production factors in importing countries (EU) have a positive and significant effect on export capacity of Iran's agricultural sector. The results also indicate a positive and significant effect of total productivity of production factors of agricultural sector in the member countries of this union and the insignificant effect of the total factor productivity of Iran's agricultural sector on the export capacity of the European Union.
Conclusion: To achieve more reliable results, we suggest implementing executive strategies to achieve higher productivity growth by managers such as more investment, better and more comprehensive training for manufacturers, the use of modern technology, and specialization of workers in priority to be placed in future studies.

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