عوامل موثر بر کارایی زیست محیطی کلزاکاران در استانهای ایران (رهیافت اقتصاد سنجی مکانی)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

محمد نوروزیان ¹ (دانشجوی دکترا، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران.)
سید مهدی حسینی ² (استادیار ،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران.)
احمد اکبری ³ (استاد ،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران.)
امیر دادرس مقدم ⁴ (استادیار ،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01

کلید واژه: کلزا, کارایی زیست محیطی, اقتصاد سنجی فضایی, مدل اندازه گیری خاص,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه و هدف: اگرچه مطالعات زیادی به ارائه مدل اندازه‌گیری کارایی زیست محیطی پرداخته‌اند ولی آن‌ها نتوانسته‌اند تأثیر فزاینده فضایی برخی عوامل تأثیرگذار را بر کارایی زیست‌محیطی محصولات کشاورزی را در نظر بگیرند و باعث شده نتایج منطقی نباشد.
مواد و روش­ها: در این پژوهش، ابتدا کارایی زیست‌محیطی محصول کلزا در استان‌های منتخب ایران طی سال‌های 1390 تا 1395 اندازه‌گیری شد و برای ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی از مدل اندازه‌گیری خاص (Measure-Specific) استفاده شد. سپس، در این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل دوربین مکانی به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی زیست‌محیطی کلزاکاران (باتوجه به بهره‌برداری از منابع آب و سایر جنبه‌های اقلیمی) در اکثر استان‌های ایران پرداخته شده است.
یافته­ها: میانگین کارایی زیست‌محیطی کل کشور در حدود 73/0 طی دوره مورد بررسی می‌باشد که با بهبود نسبی کارایی زیست محیطی در هر سال افزایش یافته است و همچنین دارای اثرات سرریز مکانی است. اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بیانگر آن است که مصرف آب داخلی، درجه باز شدن، پیشرفت فناوری در بخش کشاورزی و ساختار صنعتی بر کارایی زیست محیطی کلزاکاران ایران تاثیر معنی‌داری دارد. اثرات کلی مکانی نشان داد که مصرف آب کل داخلی و ساختار صنعتی تأثیر معناداری بر کارایی زیست‌محیطی دارد.
بحث و نتیجه­گیری: برای بهبود کارایی زیست محیطی با توجه به بهره‌برداری از منابع آب، دولت و شهروندان بایستی بر روی راه‌حل‌هایی مانند کاهش آلودگی، صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب داخلی و تبدیل ساختار صنعتی تمرکز کنند. علاوه بر این، مدیران کشور باید تأثیرات مکانی این عوامل را در هنگام طراحی سیاست‌های دولتی در نظر بگیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: To date, researches have presented numerous models for measuring environmental efficiency; however, reports suggested that they have not been able to consider the increasing spatial impact of certain factors affecting the environmental efficiency of agricultural products and for the most part the results are not logical.
Materials and Methods: In this study, first the environmental efficiency of rapeseed in designated provinces of Iran during the years 2011 to 2016 was measured and to evaluate the environmental efficiency of the specific measurement model was used. Then, in this study, using a Spatial Durbin Model, the factors affecting the environmental efficiency of rapeseed farmers (due to the utilization of water resources and other climatic aspects) in certain provinces of Iran have been investigated.
Findings: The results of this study showed that the average environmental efficiency of the entire country is about 0.73 during the mentioned period, which has increased with the relative improvement of environmental efficiency each year and also has spatial spillover effects. Direct and indirect effects indicate that domestic water consumption, degree of openness, technological progress in agriculture and industrial structure have a significant impact on the environmental efficiency of Iranian rapeseed growers.
Conclusion: In this regard, the government and citizens should focus on solutions such as reducing pollution, saving domestic water consumption and transforming the industrial structure. In addition, managers should consider the spatial effects of these factors when designing government policies.

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