چارچوب سرمایه های جامعه روستایی و نقش آن در توسعه گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای هدف شهرستان ابهر)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

جمشید عینالی ¹ (دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
اعظم بیگدلی ² (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنا‌مه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
علیرضا رابط ³ (استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی- اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران)
محمدتقی بوئینی ⁴ (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنا‌مه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/12/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: استان زنجان, توسعه گردشگری, سرمایه های روستایی, روستاهای هدف گردشگری,

چکیده مقاله :

سکونتگاه‌های روستایی به عنوان یک سیستم باز، دارای اشکال مختلفی از سرمایه‌های طبیعی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، انسانی، فرهنگی و نمادین هستند که نقش مهمی در توسعه گردشگری ایفا می‌کنند. به طوری که، این سرمایه‌ها به طور عمده در دو گروه منابع ملموس و ناملموس دسته بندی می شوند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی نقش سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی در توسعه گردشگری در روستاهای هدف شهرستان ابهر (استان زنجان) است. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و برای گردآوری داده‌ها از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، 7 روستای هدف گردشگری شهرستان ابهر است که بر اساس داده‌های سرشماری نفوس و مسکن (1395) دارای 1268 خانوار است که از این تعداد با بهره‌گیری از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 190 مورد به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده است. روایی صوری پرسشنامه از دیدگاه متخصصان بررسی شده و پایایی متغیرها از طریق ضریب آلفا‌ی کرونباخ به میزان 76% محاسبه گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کمی داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری نظیر (t تک نمونه‌ای، رگرسیون و کروسکال‌والیس) بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سرمایه‌های جامعه تاثیر مثبت و معناداری در توسعه گردشگری دارد. به طوری که، سرمایه طبیعی، سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه فرهنگی موجود در روستاهای هدف گردشگری به ترتیب با مقادیر میانگین عددی (4.13)، (4.08) و (4.06) نسبت به سایر اشکال سرمایه نقش تعیین کننده‌ای در توسعه گردشگری ایفا کرده‌اند. همچنین در مدل برازش رگرسیونی، ضریب تعیین برابر با (0.84) بوده و بیانگر تاثیر مثبت سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی در توسعه گردشگری بوده و سرمایه‌های طبیعی (0.379)، اجتماعی (0.242)، فرهنگی (0.181) بیشترین تاثیر را در توسعه گردشگری دارد. نتیجه آزمون کروسکال‌والیس نیز نشان داد که در سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی به جز سرمایه فرهنگی و ساخته شده در بین روستاهای نمونه تفاوت معناداری در سطح 95 درصد وجود ندارد و روستاهای درسجین و قروه بدلیل دارابودن سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی در جایگاه اول و دوم قرار دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Rural settlements as an open system have various forms of natural, economic, social, human, cultural and symbolic capital that play an important role in the development of tourism. As such, these funds are mainly classified into two groups of tangible and intangible resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of local community capital in tourism development in target villages of Abhar township (Zanjan province). The present research is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 tourism target villages of Abhar township which has 1268 households based on Population and Housing Census data (2016). Of these, 190 were selected using Cochran formula. The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts and the reliability of the variables was estimated 76% using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical tests such as t-test, regression and Kruskal-Wallis were used for quantitative analysis of data. The results show that community capital has a positive and significant impact on tourism development. So that the natural capital, social capital and cultural capital of tourism target villages with numerical mean values of (4.13), (4.08) and (4.06) respectively have played a decisive role in the development of tourism, respectively. And. Also in the regression fitting model, coefficient of determination is equal to (0.84) and indicates positive impact of local community capital on tourism development and natural (0.379), social (0.242), cultural (0.181) capital had the most impact on development. There is tourism. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test also showed that there is no significant difference at 95% level in local community capital except for cultural capital and constructed between sample villages and in villages of Darsajin and Qorveh due to having local community capital in the first place and Second.

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