ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر احساس امنیت در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی- شهرستان جهرم)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

جواد بذرافشان ¹ (استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران)
مجتبی روستا ² (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/10/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/01

کلید واژه: مناطق روستایی, احساس امنیت, امنیت, شهرستان جهرم,

چکیده مقاله :

      انسان برای رسیدن به اهداف والای انسانی، پس از برآوردن نیازهای بیولوژیکی، نیاز به امنیت دارد که در این میان مهم­تر از امنیت، موضوع احساس امنیت است که از شاخص­های مهم کیفیت زندگی روستایی است. هدف مقاله حاضر، ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر احساس امنیت در مناطق روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان جهرم می­باشد. روش تحقیق توصیفی– تحلیلی و نوع آن کاربردی– توسعه‌ای است. جامعه آماری تحقیق تعداد 5813 خانوار از تعداد 74 روستا در بخش مرکزی شهرستان جهرم می­باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد250 نفر به دست آمد. داده­ها با نرم­افزار SPSS از روش­های آماری توصیفی و آمار استنباطی همچون آزمون خی دو، ضریب همبستگی کندال و رگرسیون چند متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته­اند. نتایج حاصله از تحلیل رگرسیون نشان می­دهد که مقدار ضریب همبستگی (R) بین متغیرها 706/0 می‌باشد و بین مجموعه متغیرهای مستقل و متغیر وابسته همبستگی نسبتاً قوی وجود دارد. تأثیر متغیرهای محیط فیزیکی، اعتماد، رضایتمندی بر احساس امنیت معنی­دار است و تأثیر متغیرهای جنسیت، تحصیلات، تجربه جرم و سن معنی­دار نیست. متغیرهای رضایتمندی با ضریب رگرسیونی 758/0 و اعتماد با ضریب رگرسیونی 283/0 بیشترین تأثیر را روی متغیر احساس امنیت دارند و متغیر محیط فیزیکی با ضریب رگرسیونی 197/. در رتبه بعدی قرار دارند. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از آزمون همبستگی کندال حاکی است که بین دو متغیر احساس امنیت و میزان اعتماد اجتماعی رابطه معنی­داری وجود دارد. نهایتاً اینکه؛ برای بررسی رابطه میان عامل تجربه جرم و میزان احساس امنیت از آزمون خی دو استفاده گردید. با توجه به میانگین تجربه جرم و سطح معنی­داری که از 05/0 بیشتر می­باشد، تفاوتی در احساس امنیت در بین کسانی که تجربه مستقیم جرم را داشته­اند؛ با افرادی که تجربه نکرده­اند، وجود ندارد. بنابراین، می­توان گفت که امنیت و احساس امنیت در محدوده مورد مطالعه در سطح بالایی قرار دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To achieve the supercilious goals, after the biological needs, the human person needs to feel safety and security.so that sense of security is the the main indicator of the quality of rural life. The purpose of this paper is to consider the factors affecting this issue in rural areas. Analytical research and development is applied. The population survey is 5813 households in 74 villages in the Markazi District- Township Jahrom. The sample size was calculated 250 using the Cochran formula. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as chi-square, Kendal correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of regression analysis showed that there is relatively strong correlation coefficient (R) 0.706 between independent variables and the dependent variable. The physical environment variables, trust, satisfaction have significant impact on safety, but the impact of gender, education, experience, age and crime ares not significant. Satisfaction variables with regression coefficient 0.758/0 and confidence regression coefficient 0.283 have the greatest impact on changing sense of security and physical environment variable with a regression coefficient of 0.197 is placed in the next rank. The results indicate that the correlation between the two social security sense and confidence variables is significant. Finally, the chi-square was used to investigate the relationship between the experience of crime and sense of security. Based on average level of crime experience that is significant (=0. 05) there is no difference among   people who have had direct experience of crime with people who have not experienced of crime in the sense of security. Therefore, it can be said that the safety and sense of security are high in rural areas of the Markazi District- Township Jahrom.

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