تحلیل اثرات منطقه آزاد تجاری – صنعتی چابهار بر گسترش فیزیکی شهر چابهار با استفاده از داده های چند زمانه سنجش از دور و روش های کمی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

اسماعیل رحمانی ¹ (دانشگاه سیستان وبلوچستان)
زهره هادیانی ² (استاد یار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/04/01

کلید واژه: سنجش از دور, منطقه آزاد, گسترش فیزیکی, موران, هلدرن, شهر چابهار,

چکیده مقاله :

م       مناطق آزاد در دنیا به‌عنوان پنجره‌ای برای همگامی و هم پیوندی اقتصادی کشورها با اقتصاد جهانی، ایجاد رشد و تحول در صادرات و بهره‌مندی از سرمایه‌های داخلی و خارجی، به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف توسعه اقتصادی، افزایش اشتغال و انتقال فنّاوری ایجادشده‌اند. با افزایش جمعیت شهرهایی که تحت تأثیر برخی از عوامل، مانند یک منطقه آزاد تشکیل‌شده و گسترش می‌یابند، فعالیت و سرمایه‌گذاری به ‌شدت توسعه‌یافته و نظام و سازمان کالبدی شهرها دستخوش تغییرات اساسی می‌گردد. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی و تحلیل اثرات فیزیکی منطقه آزاد بر رشد شهر چابهار و پیامدهای این تحولات در مقطع کنونی است. روش تحقیق این پژوهش توصیفی– تحلیلی است. داده‌های پژوهش از طریق اسناد دولتی، آمارنامه‌ها و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای جمع‌آوری‌شده‌اند. بنابراین، به‌منظور درک میزان گسترش شهر از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست، مربوط به سال‌های (2014، 2001 و 1991)، در نرم‌افزار Envi 4.8 استفاده شده و تحولات جمعیتی شهر از سال‌های1390-1335 با استفاده از روش‌های کمی موران و هلدرن تجزیه‌وتحلیل شده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحقیق نشان داد که توسعه فیزیکی شهر چابهار و گسترش حاشیه‌نشینی، بر اساس تصاویر ماهواره لندست از 859 هکتار در سال 1991 به 991 هکتار در سال 2001 افزایش پیداکرده است. در سال 2014 میزان گسترش شدت بیشتری داشته و به 1646 هکتار افزایش‌یافته است. همچنین نتایج روش کمی هلدرن نشان می‌دهد که 73 درصد از رشد شهری مربوط به رشد جمعیت بوده و 27 درصد باقیمانده آن، مربوط به رشد افقی و اسپرال است. ضریب موران در سال 1390 برابر با 32/0- به‌دست‌آمده که نشان می‌دهد الگوی رشد چابهار در این سال، یک الگوی تصادفی بوده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Free zones in the world have been created as a window for synchronization and economic interconnection of countries with the global economy, the growth and change in exports and benefit from domestic and foreign investment, in order to achieve the objectives of economic development, employment, and technology transfer. With the growth in the population of cities that are affected by some factors, such as a free zone, activities and investment are highly developed and the physical organization of cities is undergoing radical changes. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the physical effects of the free zone on the growth of Chabahar and the consequences of these developments at the present time. The research method is descriptive-analytics. Research data is collected through government documents, statistics and satellite imagery. In order to understand the city's development of Landsat satellite images in the years (1991, 2001, and 2014), the Envi 4.8 application was used and the demographic trends from 1335 to 1390 were analyzed using the Moran and Holdren quantitative methods. The results of the research showed that the physical development and expansion of Chabahar marginalization increased from 859 hectares in 1991 to 991 hectares in 2001 according to Landsat satellite imagery. In 2014, it grew more intense and increased to 1646 hectares. Also, the results of the Holdren quantitative method show that%73 of urban growth is related to population growth and%27 of it is related to horizontal and spiral growth. Moran coefficient in 2011 was equal to -0.32, which indicates that Chabahar's growth pattern was a random pattern this year.

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