واکاوی تأثیر شبکه‌های مهاجرت های روستایی بر کلانشهرکرج (مطالعه موردی: دهستان کوهسار- شهرستان هشترود)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

محمد اکبرپور ¹ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/31 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/08/01

کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, مهاجرت, وجوه ارسالی, دهستان کوهسار,

چکیده مقاله :

       نقش شبکه­های مهاجرتی در تداوم فرایند مهاجرت، نقش وجوه ارسال شده توسط مهاجرین در توسعه نواحی روستایی و همچنین نقش وجوه ارسالی در تداوم مهاجرت نیز به ندرت مورد توجه برنامه­ریزان روستایی واقع شده است. هدف اصلی تحقیق واکاوی شبکه های مهاجرت روستایی در کلانشهرکرج و نقش آن در توسعه نواحی روستایی مبداء (دهستان کوهسار) می­باشد. روش کار در این تحقیق، از نوع کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی و تحلیلی است. روش انجام آن نیز میدانی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده بوده و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام گردیده است. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده بیش از 85 درصد از مهاجرین حداقل سالی یکبار برای بستگان­شان وجه ارسال می­کنند و وجوه ارسالی اغلب صرف تأمین مایحتاج روزانه روستاییان می­گردد و لذا این وجوه نتوانسته تأثیری بر توسعه نواحی روستایی داشته باشند. همچنین، از 78 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار روستایی که به پرسشنامه ما پاسخ دادند، 72 نفر (92.30 درصد) شاغل بودند که شغل 61 نفر (71.11 درصد) از آنان در ارتباط با بخش کشاورزی می­باشد. بر اساس اطلاعات بدست آمده کشاورزی مهم­ترین بخش اقتصادی این منطقه می باشد و روستاییان برای کسب درآمد بایستی برای توسعه این بخش تلاش نمایند  اما به نظر می رسد با ادامه روند فعلی، یعنی عدم سرمایه­گذاری در روستاهای مورد مطالعه، تداوم مهاجرت امری اجتناب ناپذیر باشد. زیرا سرمایه گذاری های اقتصادی توسط مهاجرین انجام نمی­گیرد، سرمایه­گذاری های محدود انجام گرفته نیز منجر به ایجاد فرصت­های شغلی در روستاها نمی گردد و عدم سرمایه­گذاری­های اشتغال زا در نواحی روستایی تأثیری در بقای جمعیت روستایی نمی­تواند داشته باشد. علاوه بر این طبق نتایج معلوم شده است که ارتباطات خانودگی توانسته نقش تأثیرگذاری بر مهاجرت روستاییان داشته باشد. مهاجرین روستایی با استفاده از اطلاعاتی که از شبکه اجتماعی مهاجرین بدست می آورند، مهاجرت می کنند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

       The Role of Migrant Networks Continue Migration Process, the Role of Funds by Migrants in the Development of Rural Areas and Funds as one of Continuing Immigration Rarely Considered is Located. The Main Purpose of the Research is to Study Rural Immigration Networks in Karaj Metropolitan and its Role in the Development of Rural Areas of Origin(Kohsar Village).Methodology in this Research, it is an Applied and Descriptive Method of doing this was also a Field Study Using  Questionnaire, Interview and Observation and Data Analysis was Performed Using SPSS Software. Based on the Results of this Research more than 85% of Migrants Send their Relative at Least Once a Year. And the Funds are often Used to Meet  the Daily Needs of the Villagers. And so these Funds have not had an Impact on Rural Areas. Also, out of 78 Rural  Households who Responded to our Questionnaire, 72 were  Employed,61 of which were Occupied by the Agricultural Sector. Based on the Information Obtained from the Questionnaire, Agriculture is the most Important Economic Sector in the Region and the Villagers must be Involved in the Development of this Sector in order to Earn Revenue . But it Seems that with the Continuation of the Current Process, Lack of Investment in the Studied Villages, the Continuation of Migration is Inevitable. Because Economic Investments are not Made by Immigrants, Limited Investment will not Lead to Job Opportunities in Rural Areas.  And the Lack of Employment and Occupational Investment in Rural Area cannot have an Effect on the Survival  of Rural Populations. In addition, According to the Results, it has been Revealed that Family Communication has been able to Influence the Migration of Villagers. Rural Migrants Emigrate Using Information from the Immigrant Network.

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