بررسی علل و پیامدهای شکل گیری خانه‌های دوم در حومه‌های کلان‌شهرها، مورد پژوهی: مشهد

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

حسن ایزدی ¹ (استادیار بخش شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
مصطفی صلح جو ² (کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی منطقهای، گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/07/01

کلید واژه: خانه‌های دوم, حومه های شهری, پیامدهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی, پیامدهای زیست محیطی, کلان‌شهر مشهد,

چکیده مقاله :

مسائل و مشکلات موجود در کلان‌شهرها از جمله ترافیک، انواع آلودگی‌ها، وضعیت مسکن و همچنین میل به سرمایه‌گذاری در املاک، منجر به تمایل شهرنشینان به سکونت در حومه های شهری شده و گسترش خانه‌های دوم را به همراه داشته است. کلان‌شهر مشهد نیز در دهه‌های اخیر شاهد شکل‌گیری این خانه‌ها در حومه خود بوده که آثار و پیامدهای اقتصادی ، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و کالبدی و زیست محیطی در بر داشته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی علل و پیامدهای ناشی از شکل‌گیری خانه‌های دوم در حومه های کلان شهر مشهد و روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است. داده ها با روش اسنادی و میدانی جمع آوری شده و برای این منظور 320 پرسشنامه که از روش کوکران بدست آمده است در بین مالکان خانه های دوم در 12 روستای مورد مطالعه به روش طبقه ای تصادفی توزیع شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده از روش‌ آماری توصیفی و آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای استفاده شده است. نتایج بیانگر این است که بیش‌تر این خانه‌ها از دهه 1380 به بعد ساخته شده است. از جمله دلایل اصلی گسترش خانه های دوم در محدوده مورد مطالعه گذران اوقات فراغت و دوری از آلودگی هوا و ترافیک شهری بوده است . نتایج آزمون T نک نمونه ای نشان می دهد که بورس‌بازی زمین، تغییر کاربری اراضی بایر و کشاورزی برای استفاده از خانه دوم، کاهش شغل‌های مرتبط با کشاورزی و افزایش شغل‌های خدماتی، تخریب چشم‌انداز روستا، ساخت خانه‌ها با الگوهای معماری جدید شهری و مغایر با خانه‌های روستایی، افزایش تعداد مساکن روستا، آسیب به منابع آب زیرزمینی و افزایش آگاهی فرهنگی روستاییان از جمله پیامدهای مهم شکل گیری خانه های دوم بوده است . شکل‌گیری خانه‌های دوم با وجود افزایش فرصت‌های شغلی، در افزایش درآمد و قدرت خرید روستاییان تأثیر چندان زیادی نداشته است. از طرفی میزان افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست و کاهش گونه‌های گیاهی و جانوری به دلیل خانه‌های دوم، از شدت کمی برخوردار بوده است و شکل‌گیری این خانه‌ها تأثیر چندانی بر افزایش امکانات و خدمات روستاییان نداشته است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Problems in metropolises such as traffic, types of pollution, housing situation and the desire to invest in real estate, have led to the desire of city dwellers to settle in urban suburbs and thus the spread of second homes has brought. Numbers of second homes have expanded in the metropolitan suburbs of Mashhad in recent decades, which has economic, socio-cultural, physical and environmental consequences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and consequences of the formation of second homes in the suburbs of the metropolis of Mashhad. The research method in this study is a descriptive- analytical. Data is collected through library and field methods by distributing questionnaires among 320-second homeowners in the 12 villages studied that is obtained by the Cochran formula. In this research, a stratified random sampling method was used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (one -sample t-test) were used. The results indicate that most of the second homes have been built since the 1380s (the 2000s). Among the main reasons for the expansion of the second homes in the studied area are: (a) spending leisure time, (b) air pollution and urban traffic jams. The one-sample t-test results show that expansion second homes has significant consequences such as land speculation, change of wasteland and agricultural lands in second homes, reducing agricultural-related jobs and expansion of service jobs, the destruction of the rural landscape, the construction of houses with new urban architectural patterns, and contrary to the rural houses, increase the number of rural housing, damage to groundwater resources and increase in villagers' cultural awareness. The formation of second homes, despite the increase in job opportunities, has not had much effect on increasing the income and purchasing power of the villagers. On the other hand, the increase of environmental pollution and reduction of plant and animal species has been of less intensity. Also, the formation of second homes has not had much effect on the increase of facilities and services of villagers.

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