بررسی علل و پیامدهای شکل گیری خانه‌های دوم در حومه‌های کلان‌شهرها، مورد پژوهی: مشهد

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

حسن ایزدی ¹ (استادیار بخش شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
مصطفی صلح جو ² (کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی منطقهای، گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 18 الخميس , ذو القعدة, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 18 الجمعة , محرم, 1440 تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الأحد , محرم, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: خانه‌های دوم, حومه های شهری, پیامدهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی, پیامدهای زیست محیطی, کلان‌شهر مشهد,

ملخص المقالة :

مسائل و مشکلات موجود در کلان‌شهرها از جمله ترافیک، انواع آلودگی‌ها، وضعیت مسکن و همچنین میل به سرمایه‌گذاری در املاک، منجر به تمایل شهرنشینان به سکونت در حومه های شهری شده و گسترش خانه‌های دوم را به همراه داشته است. کلان‌شهر مشهد نیز در دهه‌های اخیر شاهد شکل‌گیری این خانه‌ها در حومه خود بوده که آثار و پیامدهای اقتصادی ، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و کالبدی و زیست محیطی در بر داشته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی علل و پیامدهای ناشی از شکل‌گیری خانه‌های دوم در حومه های کلان شهر مشهد و روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است. داده ها با روش اسنادی و میدانی جمع آوری شده و برای این منظور 320 پرسشنامه که از روش کوکران بدست آمده است در بین مالکان خانه های دوم در 12 روستای مورد مطالعه به روش طبقه ای تصادفی توزیع شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده از روش‌ آماری توصیفی و آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای استفاده شده است. نتایج بیانگر این است که بیش‌تر این خانه‌ها از دهه 1380 به بعد ساخته شده است. از جمله دلایل اصلی گسترش خانه های دوم در محدوده مورد مطالعه گذران اوقات فراغت و دوری از آلودگی هوا و ترافیک شهری بوده است . نتایج آزمون T نک نمونه ای نشان می دهد که بورس‌بازی زمین، تغییر کاربری اراضی بایر و کشاورزی برای استفاده از خانه دوم، کاهش شغل‌های مرتبط با کشاورزی و افزایش شغل‌های خدماتی، تخریب چشم‌انداز روستا، ساخت خانه‌ها با الگوهای معماری جدید شهری و مغایر با خانه‌های روستایی، افزایش تعداد مساکن روستا، آسیب به منابع آب زیرزمینی و افزایش آگاهی فرهنگی روستاییان از جمله پیامدهای مهم شکل گیری خانه های دوم بوده است . شکل‌گیری خانه‌های دوم با وجود افزایش فرصت‌های شغلی، در افزایش درآمد و قدرت خرید روستاییان تأثیر چندان زیادی نداشته است. از طرفی میزان افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست و کاهش گونه‌های گیاهی و جانوری به دلیل خانه‌های دوم، از شدت کمی برخوردار بوده است و شکل‌گیری این خانه‌ها تأثیر چندانی بر افزایش امکانات و خدمات روستاییان نداشته است.

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