Investigating َArchitectural Index Elements in the Local Mosques and the Jame Mosques (Case of study: historical mosques of Zanjan (
محورهای موضوعی : Archaeology
Elham Poorahmadi
1
,
Hayedeh Khamseh
2
,
Mohammad Reza Saeedi Harsini
3
1 - PhD student in archeology of the Islamic period, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
2 - Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch
3 - Faculty Member of The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Islamic Sciences and the Humanities (SAMT)
کلید واژه: The Local Mosque, The Jame Mosque, Architectural index elements, Minaret, Zanjan.,
چکیده مقاله :
The purpose of this research is to investigate the architectural index elements in local and Jame Mosques. “Mosque” is an allusion to a place of worship, which should be able to induce a sense of worship in its audience. The forms and roles in the building are the shapes that are influenced by the content and affect the human sensory perception and are directly related to people's beliefs and religion. Therefore, the main issue in its design is the suitability of the architecture of the mosques with their dignity and functional content. When Islam emerged, there was no idea of the principles of building a mosque and the only pattern was the Prophet's house. Iranian architectural styles have changed and evolved during different periods of history, in accordance with governments, religions and beliefs, and with the arrival of Islam, the Iranian architectural style underwent many changes. In general, several prominent elements are used in the architecture of the mosque: the courtyard, the porch, the shrine, the mihrab, the dome and the minaret. However, some mosques lack elements or some have several elements of the same element. So, in this research, by examining the historical (local and Jame) mosques of Zanjan, their architectural index elements which are unknown aspects of this research, as well as to determine the factors influencing the design of these mosques that take the ambiguous dimension of the research, it was revealed through library studies and the descriptive/analytical method of existing documents and research.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the architectural index elements in local and Jame Mosques. “Mosque” is an allusion to a place of worship, which should be able to induce a sense of worship in its audience. The forms and roles in the building are the shapes that are influenced by the content and affect the human sensory perception and are directly related to people's beliefs and religion. Therefore, the main issue in its design is the suitability of the architecture of the mosques with their dignity and functional content. When Islam emerged, there was no idea of the principles of building a mosque and the only pattern was the Prophet's house. Iranian architectural styles have changed and evolved during different periods of history, in accordance with governments, religions and beliefs, and with the arrival of Islam, the Iranian architectural style underwent many changes. In general, several prominent elements are used in the architecture of the mosque: the courtyard, the porch, the shrine, the mihrab, the dome and the minaret. However, some mosques lack elements or some have several elements of the same element. So, in this research, by examining the historical (local and Jame) mosques of Zanjan, their architectural index elements which are unknown aspects of this research, as well as to determine the factors influencing the design of these mosques that take the ambiguous dimension of the research, it was revealed through library studies and the descriptive/analytical method of existing documents and research.
Abdollahpur Deylamani, S., Rahmati Zadeh, A., 2018 , Typology of Mosques in Zanjan Province, 6th National Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering, 17 September 2018, Tehran, Iran.
Aleagha, H. 2000, The Jame Mosque of Sojas, International Conference on Mosque Architecture, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mosque Architecture, Future Horizon, pp. 1-16.
Abipour, S., Karimian Sardashti, N., Foroozesh, S., 2024, Study and Analysis of the Inscriptions Arrays of Imam Mosque in Tehran, Journal of Archaeology and Archaeometry, 3,3(11). DOI:10.71647/jaa.2024.1186296
Ahmadi Afzadi, Z., Elmi Sola, M,S., Naseri Maghadam, H., 2023., Dakkatol-Qada in the Mosque of Kufa from an Ancient Point of View and Judging at the Beginning of Islam “Looking at the Judicial Jurisprudence of Ayatollah Mousavi Ardabili”., Journal of Archaeology and Archaeometry, 1(2).DOI. 10.30495/jaa.2023.702819,
Akbari, T., 2024, The foemation and evolution of the Anatolian Mosques Architectuure, Journal of Archaeology and Archaeometry.,4(2). DOI. 10.30495/jaa.2024.2003329.1023
Amini, R., Montazeralqaem, A., 2008, Evaluation of mosque performance in the early Islamic centuries, Proceedings of the First Islamic Utopia Conference, Isfahan University, pages 65 to 80.
Anagheh, A., Mahmoudian, H., Saberi Zadeh, R., 2012, Manifestation of Mysticism in Mosque Architecture, Erfan. Islami Quarterly, No. 33, vol. 9, pages 159 to 188.
Andrews, P.A., Zomarshidi, H., 2000, Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, vol: 5, Pishtaq. Translated by Taghizadeh Motlagh, M. Tehran: Ketab Marja’ publications, 1th Edition., pages 947-953.
Ataei Hamdani, M.R., Hamze Nejad, M., Noghreh Kar, A., 2011, Survey and pattern analysis of the location of Prophetic era mosques in Medina, Baghe Nazar, No.16, pages 3 to 16.
Bemanian, M.R., Shahidi, M.Sh., Ismaili Marandi, M., 2008, Investigating the evolution of physical elements in the mosque of Shahid Motahari School, Ketabe Mahe Honar Magazin, No. 118, pp. 88 - 91.
Behzadfar, M., 1997, Mosque architecture and urban facade, Proceedings of the mosque architecture conference: Past, Present, Future, Isfahan vol. 2, pp. 9-34.
Bimakr, F., 2017, Analytical typology of mosques in the traditional Bazaar of Zanjan, National Congress of Architecture and Urban Development, March 2-3, 2017, Vahdat Institute, Torbat Jam, Iran.
Choisy, A., 2004, History of Architecture”, translated by Latif Abolghasemi,L., Tehran: Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University, 1th Edition.
Cumont, F., 2004, “The Mysteries of Mithra”, translated by Razi, H., Tehran: Behjat Publishing, 2nd Edition.
Dadras, H., Sami’ Anarkouli, H., Kasabi Keysomi, P., 2015, The place of Islamic architectural art in the index elements of the religious function of mosques, National Conference of Islamic Architecture and Urbanism of Iran, Payam Noor University of Gilan Province, Rasht Center, May 17, 2015.
Davar M., Aliloo, I., Aliloo, H.,Nazari, Sh., 2023, The influence of climatic conditions on the design of native architecture of buildings and mosques in mountainous regions and the climate of high foothills , the 1sh international conference on advanced research in civil engineering, architecture and urban planning, July 20, 2023 in Munich, Germany.
Ettinghausen, R., Grabar, O., 2019, Islamic Art and Architecture (1) 650-1250, translated by Dr. Azhand, Y., Tehran: (SAMT), 13th Edition.
Fallahfar, S., 1999.,, Dictonary of Iranian traditional Architecture, Tehran: Pardaz Kavosh, 1th Edition.
Ghasemi Andaroud, P., 2015, Monuments of the Safavid Period in Zanjan Province, Zanjan Cultural Research Quarterly, No. 5, series 44, pages 17 to 46.
Godard, A., Siroux, M., 1992, Asare-e Iran, Vols 3 & 4., Translated by Sarveghade Moghaddam, A., Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi, 2nd Edition.
Grabar, O., Hattstein, M. Delius, P, et al. 2012, Islam: Art and Architecture, translated by Akram Gheitasi, A., Tehran: Sureh Mehr Publishing, 1th Edition.
Grobe, E. et al., 2001, Architecture of the Islamic World, translated by Yaqub Azhand, Y., Tehran: Muli Publications, 1th Edition.
Hajizadeh, M.J., 2016, Characteristics of Islamic cities and the functions of mosques, Proceedings of the 3rd International Research Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development and Sustainable Environment.
Hillenbrand, R., 1997, Emergence of Mosques in Islamic Lands in the First Centuries, translated by Kiani B., Art and Architecture Magazine, No. 33.
Hillenbrand, R., 2014, Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, translated by Dr. Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, B., Tehran: Rozeneh Publications, 7th Edition.
Hosseini, B., 1999, Physiology of the shape system (segregation of the constituent elements of the mosque), Proceedings of the mosque architecture conference: Past, Present, Future (vol. 1), Tehran: University of Art Publishing, Tehran.
Jafarian Somarin, H., Ghahri, Sh., Nozari Asb Marz, N., Hatami Merzouq, E., Nozari Asb Marz, E., 2013, Analysis and review of the position of the mosque as a symbol of the Iranian-Islamic city, the first conference on architecture and sustainable urban spaces, Mashhad, 2013.
Kamali Sarvestani, Kh., Soleimani, Z., 2015, Mihrabs of mosques during the Qajar period of Zanjan, Zanjan cultural research quarterly, No. 5, series 44, pages.57 to 92.
Kiani, M.Y., 2004, History of Iranian Architectural Art in the Islamic Period, Tehran: SAMT, 6th Edition.
Khalili, Z., 2020, Investigation of the political-social functions of Zanjan mosques, a case study of the Jame Mosque, Valiasr, Mirzaei Bala known as Mirza Mahdi, Mirzaei Payeein known as Najafi, Agha Mirza Ahmad "Dabbaghha" mosques from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution", Master's Thesis, Zanjan University, Faculty of Humanities, winter 2020.
Korn, L., 2017, The Jame Mosque of Qorveh (Zanjan Province) a case study for the study of the history of Iranian architecture and the religious policy of the Sunnis in the 6th century of the Hijri/ 12th century AD, translated by Rashidi, K., Asar Journal, No. 77, pages 83 to 96.
Kuchak Zade, R., Azarm, M., 2022, Investigating Early Dramaturgy and Theatre Directing in the Shabih’khani of the Qajar Era, Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2022.
Mahdavi Nezhad, M.J., Dehghani, F., Broumand, B., 2015, The position of the "Islamic approach" to architecture in contemporary Iran (1991-2010), Islamic Humanities Conference, Volume 1, pp 261 to 278.
Martyn, H., Hogg, J.,1996, Architecture Stylistics in Islamic Lands, translated by Parviz Rajavand, P., Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi Publications, 1th Edition.
Meshkati, N., 1966, “List of Historical Monuments and Ancient Sites of Iran”, Tehran: National Organization for Protection of Antiquities of Iran.
Motedayen, H., 1999, “Mosques with four porches”, Honarhaye Ziba Journal, No. 6, Pages 84 to 90.
Naghizadeh, M., 1999, The body mosque dominating the Islamic complex., Proceedings of the mosque architecture conference: Past, Present, Future (vol. 2), Tehran: University of Art Publishing, Tehran.
Nezhad Ebrahimi, A., Mourad Zadeh, S., 2018, A study on the architecture of Iranian mosques to find the architectural pattern of Bushehr mosques in the Qajar period, Honarhaye Ziba Journal, Volume 23, No, 2, pages 87 to 98.
Nobahar, R., 1994, The image of the mosque, Qom: By Author, Etemad printing house, 1th Edition.
Nouri, M.A., 2018, Chelston Mosque in Zanjan, Shahed Nojavan, No. 158.
Nurolahi, A., 2015, Zanjan Grand Bazaar Complex: Backgrounds and Course of Cultural, Historical, and Social Developments Affecting Its Formation , Zanjan: Zanjan guild room Publishing, 1th Edition.
Pakadaman, B., 1994, A Brief Look at Architectural Styles and Trends in Tehran, Tehran: Roshangaran Publications, 1th Edition.
Papadopoulo, A., 1989, Islamic Architecture, translated by Jazani, H., Tehran: Raja Cultural Publishing Center, 1th Edition.
Parchegani, P., 2004, Everything about Zanjan, Tehran: Islamic Publications, 1th Edition.\
Parsa, S., Fakhar Tehrani, F. 2012, A look at the theoretical geometry of the dome and arch in Iranian architecture, The first technology and traditional structures conference focusing on domes, Tehran Azad Institute of Science and Technology (Ivan Khane Memar), Tehran, Iran.
Pirnia, M.K., 2019, the stylistics of Iranian architecture, Tehran: Goljam Publishing, 21st Edition
Rabieefar, V., Heydari, T., Rabieefar, M., Sanaty Mofared, S., 2012, Evaluating the identity of the Islamic city with an emphasis on religious places (Case study: Hosseinieh Azam Zanjan)", the second national conference of the Islamic city, Isfahan, March 9, 2012.
Sobouti, H., 1992, “History of Zanjan”, Zanjan: Tavana Publishing, 2nd Edition.
Tabibi, M., Sajjadi, M.R., Abedi, A.H., 2019, The importance of knowing the main constituent elements in the expression of spiritual concepts in mosques (Case study: Fahraj Jame Mosque), 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development Management in Iran, Tehran-University of Tehran, August 2019.
Torabi, Z., Haghsjenas, H., Lotfi Nezhed, E., 2016, Examination of the decorations of the Jame Mosque and the Khanum Mosque of Zanjan Province, the fourth scientific research congress of New Horizons in the field of civil engineering, architecture, culture and urban management of Iran, February 2016, Tehran.
Taheri A., 2015, Mosque, re-creation of an identity, design of Tehran Pars neighborhood mosque in Tehran, Master's Thesis in the field of architectural engineering, architecture department, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Arts, June 2015.
Taheri, P., Fattahi, K., 2022, Mosque and the process of its architectural changes in Iran, 8th National Conference on New Technologies in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning.
Upham Pope, A. Ackerman, P., 2008, A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present, vol:3 In the architecture of the Islamic era, translated by Daryabandi,N, et al., Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi Publications, 1th Edition.
Yar Mohammadi Bigdeli, F., 2011, Treasure of the City of Zandigan, Zanjan: Nikon book publications, 1th Edition.
Zargar, A., Nadimi, H., Mokhtarshahi, R., 2007, Mosque architecture guide, Tehran: Did Publications, 1th Edition.
Zeinali, M., 2009, Research on the history of the Shahi (Jame) Mosque and Madrasah of Zanjan, Javadan Heritage Publication, 17th year, No. 67, pages 42 to 49.
General Administration of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Zanjan Province, www.zanjan.mcth.ir
Masjed-ir news agency - www.masjed.ir
Mosque News Agency - www.masjednews.com
Zanjan 024 news agency- www.zanjan024.ir
Voice of Zanjan News Agancy- www.Sedayezanjannews.ir
Arya Heritage News Agency - www.chtn.ir
Hosseinieh Azam Zanjan – www.haz.ir
International Quran News Agency – www.zanjan.iqna.ir
Hazrat Vali Asr Research Institute – www.ganjineh.valiasr-aj.com.
