ارزیابی فرمولاسیون خالص و مخلوط باریک برگ کش ها در کنترل علف های هرز، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
فرهاد ساکی
1
(فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد علوم علف¬های¬هرز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران)
عبدالرضا احمدی
2
(دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران)
علی اصغر چیت بند
3
(استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران)
کلید واژه: ارزیابی چشمی, باریک¬برگ, پینوکسادن + کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل, دُز مخلوط, مقاومت علف¬های¬هرز,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی کارایی دُزهای مختلف علف کش های باریک برگ در کنترل علف های هرز، عملکرد و اجزاي عملكرد اراضی گندم، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در شهرستان دورود استان لرستان به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت از کاربرد خالص علف کش کلودینافوپ-پروپارژیل (تاپیک) در مقـادیر 32، 48، 64 و 80 گرم مـادۀ مـؤثره در هکتار، کاربرد خالص علف کش پینوکسادن (آکسیال) و نیز مخلوط دو علف کش پینوکسادن + کلودینافوپ-پروپارژیل (تراکسوس) در مقادیر 33/75، 50/62، 67/5 و 84/37 گرم مادۀ مؤثره در هکتار بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد دُزهای مختلف علف کش ها بر تراکم و زیست توده تمامی علف های هرز و همچنین صفات عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت بوته معنی دار بود. براساس نتایج، علف های هرز یولاف وحشی، چچم، دم روباهی و علف قناری به کاربرد کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل و پینوکسادن حساس بودند، به طوری که درصد کاهش زیست تودۀ آنها به ترتیب 24/01، 29/31، 27/71 و 51/29 درصد برای علف کش کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل و 30/84، 22/32، 20/90 و 51/29 درصد برای علف کش پینوکسادن نسبت به شاهد بود. مخلوط دو علف کش پینوکسادن + کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل کارآیی بیشتری نسبت به کاربرد خالص این دو علف کش داشت. براساس نتایج ارزیابی چشمی، کاربرد بالاترین دُز مصرفی مخلوط دو علف کش پینوکسادن + کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل منجر به کنترل فقط 50 درصد جو وحشی، چاودار و علف پشمکی شده بود. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در دُزهای 67/5 و 84/37 گرم مادۀ مؤثره در هکتار مخلوط دو علف کش پینوکسادن+ کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل حاصل شده بود که به ترتیب منجر به افزایش 18/32 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به کاربرد خالص هر یک از علف کش ها شده بود (حدود 38 درصد کارایی بیشتر در کاهش زیست توده علف های هرز). بنابراین، با توجه به کاربرد متوالی و فراوان هر یک از علف کش های کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل و پینوکسادن و احتمال بروز مقاومت علف های هرز به این دسته از علف کش ها، به کار بردن مخلوط دو علف کش پینوکسادن + کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل ضمن کنترل مؤثرتر علف های هرز می تواند به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب در تناوب علف کشی جهت مدیریت علف های هرز مقاوم شده به هر یک از علف کش های پینوکسادن و کلودینافوپ- پروپاژیل باشد.
To evaluate the efficacy of several herbicides for weed control in wheat fields, an experiment carried out as complete randomized block design with three replications at Lorestan province during 2020-2021. The experiment treatment was the pure clodinafop-propargyl (Topik®) application at 32, 48, 64 and 80 g active ingredients (a.i.) ha-1, pinoxaden pure application of pinoxaden (Axial®) ans also ready mix of pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl (binary mixture) (Traxos®) application at 33.75, 50.62, 67.5 and 84.37 g a.i. ha-1. The results showed that herbicide different doses were significant on all weeds density and dry weight. All crop characteristics such as biological yield, spike length, grain yield except crop height were significant by herbicide different doses as well. But seed 1000 weight was not significant by herbicide herbicide different doses. Also based on results, some weeds such as wild oat, ryegrass, blackgrass and canarygrass were sensitive to clodinafop-propargyl and pinoxaden pure application as their reduced dry weight compared to control were 24.01, 29.31, 27.71 and 51.92 for clodinafop-propargyl and 30.84, 22.32, 20.90 and 51.29 for pinoxaden, respectively. Binary mixture of pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl had more efficacy than their pure application. According to visual observations results, the only 50 percent control of wild barley, rye and downy brome were achieved when the mixture of pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl were used at high dose. The highest of grain yield was also attained at doses of 67.5 and 84.37 g a.i. ha-1 of pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl which increased grain yield 18.32 increase compared to the pure application of each herbicide. Therefore, due to the frequent application of clodinafop-propargyl and pinoxaden and the possibility occurring of weed resistance to these herbicides, using mixture of pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl can be suitable not only to more effective in weeds control but also as a appropriate replacement in herbicide rotation for managing and delaying of possible resistance in weeds.
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