رقابت قدرت های بزرگ و واکنش امریکا در برابر ابتکار راه ابریشم چین
محورهای موضوعی : علوم سیاسی- روابط بین المللسید سعید میرترابی 1 , محسن کشوریان آزاد 2
1 - دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 - گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ایالات متحده, چین, ابتکار کمربند وراه, رقابت, همکاری, طرح های زیرساختی ,
چکیده مقاله :
ایالات متحده از سال 2013 تا 2023، مسیری مشخص را در واکنش به ابتکار احیای راه ابریشم چین طی کرده و به تدریج از موضع سکوت و اقدامات غیرمستقیم به رفتارهای تهاجمی و تقابلی در قبال ابتکار زیرساختی چین متوسل شده است. هدف مقاله تبیین چرایی تقابلی شدن تدریجی مواضع ایالات متحده در برابر ابتکار احیای راه ابریشم چین است. در همین راستا، پرسش اصلی مبتنی بر روش توصیفی – تبیینی مقاله این است که چرا در دوره ده ساله پس از اعلام ابتکار راه ابریشم(2013-2023)، موضع ایالات متحده در برابر آن به تدریج تقابلی تر شده است؟ پاسخی که به عنوان فرضیه به این پرسش داده شده این است که تقابلی تر شدن موضع امریکا در برابر ابتکار راه ابریشم چین، تابعی از تغییر ماهیت روابط دو کشور از همکاری به سمت رقابت بوده و این امر سبب شده است رویکرد نسبتا همکاری جویانه دولت اوباما به ابتکار مذکور به سمت رویکرد رقابتی در دولت ترامپ و تشدید رقابت در دولت بایدن، تغییر پیدا کند. یافته مقاله حاکی از آن است که با عنایت به روند تحول رویکرد امریکا نسبت به ابتکار کمربند و راه، همچنان امکان تشدید بیشتر رقابت با چین در حوزه توسعه زیرساخت های بین المللی وجود دارد.
Abstract:
From 2013 to 2023, the United States has followed a clear path in its reaction to China's Silk Road initiative, gradually shifting from a position of silence and indirect actions to aggressive and confrontational behaviors regarding China's infrastructure initiative. The aim of this article is to explain why the United States’ positions towards China's Silk Road initiative have gradually become more confrontational. In this context, the main question based on the article's descriptive-explanatory method is: why has the U.S. stance towards the initiative become increasingly confrontational in the decade following the announcement of the Silk Road initiative (2013-2023)? The response proposed as a hypothesis to this question is that the increasing confrontational position of the U.S. towards China's Silk Road initiative is a function of the changing nature of relations between the two countries from cooperation to competition. This shift has led to a move from President Obama’s relatively cooperative approach towards the initiative to a competitive stance under President Trump, followed by an escalation of competition during President Biden’s administration. The findings of the article indicate that, given the evolving U.S. approach to the Belt and Road Initiative, there remains potential for increased competition with China in the area of international infrastructure development.
فهرست منابع:
الف-فارسی
دهشیار، حسین و مهدی پور باقر(1402) «رقابت راهبردی آمر یکا و چین در طرح زیرساختی ساخت جهانی بهتر و کمربند-راه »، فصلنامه پژوهشهای روابط بین الملل، دوره سیزدهم، شماره اول، شماره پیاپی چهل وهشت، بهار. صص 7-50.
دوشی، راش(1402) بازی طولانی: استراتژی کلان چین برای جایگزینی نظم امریکایی، ترجمه مهدی انصاری، تهران: موسسه فرهنگی مطالعات و تحقیقات بین المللی ابرار معاصر تهران.
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