اثر آرایش کاشت بر صفات فنولوژیکی و مرفولوژیکی آفتابگردان در منطقه زهک سیستان
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
احمد مهربان
1
,
افسانه کمالی دلجو
2
,
امید عزیزیان شرمه
3
1 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد فیتوشیمی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/02/01
کلید واژه:
تراکم کاشت,
توزیع مکانی بوته,
کشت ردیفی,
رقابت درون گونه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثر آرایش کاشت بر برخی صفات فنولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی آفتابگردان در سال زراعی 94-1393 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان زهک به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فاصله بین ردیف های کاشت در چهار سطح 30، 40، 50 و 60 سانتی متر و فاصله بین بوته ها روی ردیف کاشت به عنوان عامل دوم در چهار سطح 10، 15، 20 و 25 سانتی متر در نظر گرفته شدند. اثر فاصله بین ردیف های کاشت بر کلیه صفات مورفولوژیکی و فنولوژیکی مورد مطالعه به غیر از تعداد برگ در بوته و تعداد روز تا شروع گلدهی معنی دار بود. اثر فاصله روی ردیف کاشت بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی داری بود. اثرات متقابل فاصله بین و روی ردیف تنها در تعداد برگ معنی دار بود. با افزایش تراکم رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی و روز تا شروع گلدهی افزایش و طول دوره گلدهی کاهش یافت. قطر ساقه و طبق و نیز ارتفاع گیاه با افزایش فاصله بین ردیف و روی ردیف روند صعودی پیدا کرد. تراکم مطلوب کشت با مدنظر قرار دادن فاصله بین ردیف 60 سانتی متر و روی ردیف 25 سانتی متر برای دست یابی به حداکثر عملکرد در این منطقه قابل توصیه می باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The current study was conducted to investigate planting pattern effect on some morphological and phenological traits of sunflower. The experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Zahak, Sistan, Iran in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were consisted as interspacing planting rows of 30, 40, 50, 60 cm and inter-spacing planting rows of 10, 15, 20, 25 cm. The effects of inter-spacing planting rows on all morphological and phenological traits except number of leaves per plant and days to flowering were significant. The effect of inter-spading planting rows was significant on all traits. Interaction of inter- and intra-spacing planting rows was significant only in number of leaves. Increasing in density caused maturity and flowering enhancement and decreased flowering period. Stem and head diameter and plant height increased by intra- and inter spacing planting rows increment. Optimal planting density would be 60 cm as inter- and 25 cm as intra spacing rows to achieve maximum yield in sunflower in this region.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abd Alrahmani B (2003) Effects of plant density on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower cv. armavirsky under dryland condition in Maragheh. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 5(3): 216-224. [in Persian with English abstract]
Babaei Aghdam J, Abdi M, Seifzadeh S, Khiavi M )2009 (The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and bush density on seed yield and yield components of azargol sunflower cultivar in Takestan region, Iran. Agroecology Journal 4(14): 1-12. [in Persian with English abstract]
Barros JFC, Carvalho MD, Basch G (2004) Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sowing date and plant density under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 21(3): 347-356.
Daneshian J, Jabbari H (2009) Effect of limited irrigation and plant density on characteristics and grain yield in a dwarf sunflower hybrid (CMS26 × R103) as second crop. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(4): 377-388. [in Persian with English abstract]
Diepenbrock W, Long M, Feil B (2001) Yield and quality of sunflower as affected by row orientation, row spacing and plant density. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52(1): 29-36.
Faraji A (2008) Effects of sowing date, seed rate and row spacing on agronomic traits and seed yield of canola cultivar RGS003 in Gonbad areas. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 24(4): 623-642. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholinezhad E, Aeenehband A, Hasanzadeh Ghorttappeh A, Bernoosi I, Rezaei H (2009) Evaluation of effective drought stress on yield, yield components and harvest index of sunflower hybrid Iroflor at different levels of nitrogen and plant population in Urmieh climate conditions. Journal of Plant Production 16(3): 1-27. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholinezhad E, Tobeh A, Hasanzadeh Ghorttappeh A, Asghari A (2008) Effects of density and planting arrangement on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of New Agricultural Science 18(1): 87-99. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gubbels GH, Dedio W (1988) Response of sunflower hybrids to row spacing. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68(4): 1125-1127.
Hasani Jabbarlo Kh, Roshdi M, Ghaffari M, Valiloo R (2008) Study of plant density and arrangement effect on yield and it,s components of two sunflower genotypes (Ksc43/128 and Lakumka) in Khoy region. Journal of Research in Crop Science 1(1): 99-107. [in Persian with English abstract]
Holt NW, Zentner RP (1985) Effect of plant density and row spacing on agronomic performance and economic returns of non-oilseed sunflower in southeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65(3): 501-509.
Khalilvand behrouzyar E, Yarnia M, Darbandi S, Alyari H (2007) Effect of water deficit stress on some morphological characteristics of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars in different plant densities. Journal of New Agricultural Science 8(3): 1-14. [in Persian with English abstract]
Miller JF, Fick GN (1978) Influence of plant population on performance of sunflower hybrids. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58(3): 597-600.
Mojiri A, Arzani A (2003) Effect of nitrogen rate and plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 7(2): 115-125. [in Persian with English abstract]
Naderi A (1999) Effect of row spacing and plant population on agronomic traits, yield components of sunflower Record cultivar in Khuzestan. Journal of Seed and Plant, 15(2): 343- 353.
Roshdi M, Rezadoost S, Khalili Mahalleh J, Haji Hasani Asl N (2009) Effects of plant density and defoliation during developmental stages on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of New Agricultural Science 5(2): 41-54. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sedghi M, Seyed Sharifi R, Namvar A, Khandan-e-Bejandi T, Molaei P (2008) Responses of sunflower yield and grain filling period to plant density and weed interference. Journal of Biological Science 3(9): 1048-1053.
Tahmasebi A (2008) Competition for environmental resources and yield compensation insunflower. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch: Karaj, Iran. [In Persian with English abstract]
Valadabadi SA, Moradi Aghdam A, Daneshian C, Zakerin H, Ghaffari H, Roshdi M (2008) The effect of plant density on phonology and yield traits of confectionary sunflower under water deficit conditions. Plant and Ecosystem 4(13): 90-106. [in Persian with English abstract]
Zaffaroni E, Schneiter A (1991) Sunflower production as influenced by plant type, plant population and row arrangement. Agronomy Journal 83(1): 113-118.
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Abd Alrahmani B (2003) Effects of plant density on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower cv. armavirsky under dryland condition in Maragheh. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 5(3): 216-224. [in Persian with English abstract]
Babaei Aghdam J, Abdi M, Seifzadeh S, Khiavi M )2009 (The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and bush density on seed yield and yield components of azargol sunflower cultivar in Takestan region, Iran. Agroecology Journal 4(14): 1-12. [in Persian with English abstract]
Barros JFC, Carvalho MD, Basch G (2004) Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sowing date and plant density under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 21(3): 347-356.
Daneshian J, Jabbari H (2009) Effect of limited irrigation and plant density on characteristics and grain yield in a dwarf sunflower hybrid (CMS26 × R103) as second crop. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(4): 377-388. [in Persian with English abstract]
Diepenbrock W, Long M, Feil B (2001) Yield and quality of sunflower as affected by row orientation, row spacing and plant density. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52(1): 29-36.
Faraji A (2008) Effects of sowing date, seed rate and row spacing on agronomic traits and seed yield of canola cultivar RGS003 in Gonbad areas. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 24(4): 623-642. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholinezhad E, Aeenehband A, Hasanzadeh Ghorttappeh A, Bernoosi I, Rezaei H (2009) Evaluation of effective drought stress on yield, yield components and harvest index of sunflower hybrid Iroflor at different levels of nitrogen and plant population in Urmieh climate conditions. Journal of Plant Production 16(3): 1-27. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gholinezhad E, Tobeh A, Hasanzadeh Ghorttappeh A, Asghari A (2008) Effects of density and planting arrangement on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of New Agricultural Science 18(1): 87-99. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gubbels GH, Dedio W (1988) Response of sunflower hybrids to row spacing. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68(4): 1125-1127.
Hasani Jabbarlo Kh, Roshdi M, Ghaffari M, Valiloo R (2008) Study of plant density and arrangement effect on yield and it,s components of two sunflower genotypes (Ksc43/128 and Lakumka) in Khoy region. Journal of Research in Crop Science 1(1): 99-107. [in Persian with English abstract]
Holt NW, Zentner RP (1985) Effect of plant density and row spacing on agronomic performance and economic returns of non-oilseed sunflower in southeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65(3): 501-509.
Khalilvand behrouzyar E, Yarnia M, Darbandi S, Alyari H (2007) Effect of water deficit stress on some morphological characteristics of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars in different plant densities. Journal of New Agricultural Science 8(3): 1-14. [in Persian with English abstract]
Miller JF, Fick GN (1978) Influence of plant population on performance of sunflower hybrids. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58(3): 597-600.
Mojiri A, Arzani A (2003) Effect of nitrogen rate and plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 7(2): 115-125. [in Persian with English abstract]
Naderi A (1999) Effect of row spacing and plant population on agronomic traits, yield components of sunflower Record cultivar in Khuzestan. Journal of Seed and Plant, 15(2): 343- 353.
Roshdi M, Rezadoost S, Khalili Mahalleh J, Haji Hasani Asl N (2009) Effects of plant density and defoliation during developmental stages on yield and yield components of sunflower. Journal of New Agricultural Science 5(2): 41-54. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sedghi M, Seyed Sharifi R, Namvar A, Khandan-e-Bejandi T, Molaei P (2008) Responses of sunflower yield and grain filling period to plant density and weed interference. Journal of Biological Science 3(9): 1048-1053.
Tahmasebi A (2008) Competition for environmental resources and yield compensation insunflower. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch: Karaj, Iran. [In Persian with English abstract]
Valadabadi SA, Moradi Aghdam A, Daneshian C, Zakerin H, Ghaffari H, Roshdi M (2008) The effect of plant density on phonology and yield traits of confectionary sunflower under water deficit conditions. Plant and Ecosystem 4(13): 90-106. [in Persian with English abstract]
Zaffaroni E, Schneiter A (1991) Sunflower production as influenced by plant type, plant population and row arrangement. Agronomy Journal 83(1): 113-118.
