بررسی دشمنان طبیعی سوسک برگ‎خوار سیب‌زمینیLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) و نوسانات جمعیت بالتوری سبز Chrysoperla carnea Stephen در مزارع سیب‎زمینی دشت اردبیل

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

حسین رنجبر اقدم ¹ ( استادیار بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور )

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/10/28 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/03/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/02/01

کلید واژه: شکارگر, کنترل بیولوژیک, سوسک برگ&lrm, خوار سیب&lrm, زمینی, دشمنان طبیعی, بیمارگر حشرات, نماتد,

چکیده مقاله :

سوسک برگ‎خوار سیب زمینی،Leptinotarsa decemlineata ، یکی از آفات مهم سیب زمینی در مناطق اصلی تولید این محصول می‎باشد. در این پژوهش دشمنان طبیعی سوسک برگ‎خوار سیب زمینی در مزارع استان اردبیل جمع آوری و شناسایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، مشخص شد در استان اردبیل از رده حشرات، گونه های شکارگرChrysoperla carnea، Coccinella septempunctata، Hippodamia variegata ، Nabis punctatus و از رده عنکبوت مانندها، گونه‌یEnoplognatha mediterraneaو از بیمارگرهای حشرات، جدایه ای از باکتری Bacillus thuringiensis و نماتد Hexamermis sp. مهم‎ترین عوامل زنده کنترل‌ کننده جمعیت سوسک برگ‎خوار سیب‎زمینی می باشند. از بین عوامل شناسایی شده تغییرات جمعیت بالتوری سبزC. carnea بررسی شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که این شکارگر در طول دوره فعالیت سوسک کلرادو در مزارع سیب‎زمینی یک نسل دارد. هم‎چنین مشخص شد نماتد Hexamermis sp. مهم‎ترین دشمن طبیعی این آفت در دشت اردبیل است که 80 درصد از جمعیت زمستان گذران آفت را قبل از بهار در مزارع سیب‎زمینی از بین می برد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is one of the most important pest insects in main potato growing areas. Natural enemies of the Colorado potato beetle was collected and determined in potato fields of Ardabil province, Iran. Based on the results, the predatory species of Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegate and Nabis punctatus from the class Hexapoda, and Enoplognatha mediterranea from the class Arachnida were determined as natural enemies of the Colorado potato beetle in Ardabil. In addition to predatory arthropods, an entomopathogenic nematode, Hexamermis sp.,  and an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis were collected and determined as the most important biological control agents of the pest population. Among identified arthropods, population of lacewing C. carnea was considerable in potato fields. Therefore, its population fluctuation was studied in Ardabil plain. Obtained results showed that C. carnea  produced only one generation during the activity period of the Colorado potato beetle in Ardebil potato fields. Moreover, the entomopathogenic nematode, Hexamermis sp. was the most important natural enemy of the Colorado potato beetle so that it could destroy up to 80 percent of overwintering population of the pest in potato fields before spring.           

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