بررسی ارتباط عادت رشد ژنوتیپهای جو با عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات زراعی در منطقه سردسیر دیم مراغه
محورهای موضوعی :
فرهاد آهک‎پز
1
(به ترتیب عضو هیأت علمی و کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مراغه، ایران.)
فرزاد آهک‎پز
2
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میاندوآب، میاندوآب، ایران.)
رقیه دستبری
3
(به ترتیب عضو هیأت علمی و کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مراغه، ایران.)
کلید واژه: تیپ رشد, شرایط دیم سردسیر, عملکرد دانه, جو دیم,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی تیپ رشد 259 ژنوتیپ جو موجود در آزمایش‎های مقایسه عملکرد دیم ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مراغه و بررسی ارتباط آن با برخی صفات زراعی (تعداد روز از کاشت تا ظهور سنبله و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی دانه، دوره پر شدن دانه، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه)، طی دو سال زراعی 1385-1383 انجام شد. ژنوتیپ‎های مورد بررسی بر اساس عادت های رشدی زمستانه (با فراوانی16/62%)، بینابین (با فراوانی44/15%) و بهاره (با فراوانی4/22%) تقسیم بندی شدند. آزمایش بصورت طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج مقایسات میانگین به روش t تعدیل شده (´t) نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‎های با عادت رشد زمستانه و بینابین و هم‎چنین بین ژنوتیپ های زمستانه با بهاره از نظر عملکرد دانه در سطح احتمال 1% آماری وجود دارد، ولی تفاوت عملکرد دانه بین ژنوتیپ‎های با عادت رشد بینابین و بهاره معنی‎دار نبود. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد دانه متعلق به ژنوتیپ‎های بهاره (2893 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. ضریب همبستگی معنی‎دار و منفی بین عادت رشد با صفات عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد با وزن هزاردانه در ارقام بهاره مشاهده شد. هم‎چنین ضرایب همبستگی بین عادت رشد با صفات تاریخ ظهور سنبله، تاریخ رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی و ارتفاع بوته منفی و معنی‎دار بدست آمد که نشان‎دهنده پابلندی و دیررسی ژنوتیپ‎های بهاره بود. وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی‎دار بین عملکرد دانه با ارتفاع بوته (531/0 =r) حاکی از بالا بودن عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ‎های پا بلند در شرایط خشکی پایان فصل رشد شایع در منطقه بود.
In order to evaluate the effect of growth habit on agronomic traits such as days to heading and physiological maturity, grain filling period, plant height, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield, an experiment was conducted as randomize complete block design with three replications with 259 barley genotypes at Maragheh dryland agricultural research station during 2004–2006. Based on the growth habit, genotypes were grouped as winter type (62.16%), facultative type (15.44%) and spring type (22.4%). Comparison of means for grain yield showed that there were high significant differences between winter with facultative and winter with spring types, but it was not significant between facultative and spring types. Spring-type genotypes had the highest grain yield mean with 2893 Kg ha-1. The existence of negative correlation between growth habit and grain yield and 1000 kernel weight showed that spring type genotypes had high yield and 1000 kernel weight. There were also negative correlation between growth habit and days to heading, maturity and plant height indicating that spring type genotypes had high height and late maturity. High positive correlation between grain yield and plant height showed that genotypes with high plant height had higher grain yield under drought condition.
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