بررسی تأثیر هومات پتاسیم بر جوانه زنی بذر، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد غده و برآورد میزان هتروزیس و درجه غالبیت در هیبریدهای بذر حقیقی سیب زمینی
محورهای موضوعی :
داود حسن پناه
1
(استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل)
انور اسدی
2
(محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل)
کلید واژه: هومات پتاسیم, بذر حقیقی سیب زمینی, هیبرید, میزان هتروزیس, درجه غالبیت,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر هومات پتاسیم بر میزان جوانه زنی بذر در گلخانه، عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد غده در مزرعه و برآورد میزان هتروزیس و درجه غالبیت در هیبریدهای بذر حقیقی سیب زمینی به مدت سه سال (89-1387) اجرا شد. در این آزمایش تعداد 3500 بذر حقیقی هیبرید سیب زمینی رقم HPS-II/67پس از تیمار کردن با محلول هومات پتاسیم به مدت 6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت و کشت مستقیم بذر به عنوان شاهد، در بستر پیت ماس بیولان در گلخانه کاشته شد. در گلخانه، صفاتی مانند زمان شروع جوانه زنی بذر، درصد جوانه زنی بذر و تعداد روز تا جوانه زنی ثبت شد. تعداد 540 نشاء سیب زمینی در مرحله 5-4 برگی به مزرعه منتقل شد و براساس طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار کاشته شدند. پس از برداشت، تعداد و وزن غده در بوته، متوسط اندازه غده و عملکرد غده قابل فروش شمارش و اندازه گیری و تعداد 300 هیبرید انتخاب شد. در سال 1389 هیبریدهای انتخابی با رقم شاهد آگریا در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل کشت و بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارهای مختلف هومات پتاسیم از لحاظ تعداد و وزن غده در بوته، متوسط وزن غده و عملکرد غده قابل فروش در مزرعه اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی بذر، تعداد و وزن غده در بوته و عملکرد غده قابل فروش در تیمار 6، 12 و 18 ساعت نگهداری بذر در هومات پتاسیم تولید شد. در این آزمایش هومات پتاسیم باعث شد که میزان جوانه‎زنی 41 درصد و عملکرد غده به مقدار 2/1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع افزایش یابد. میانگین عملکرد تک بوته در شاهد 550 گرم و در هیبریدها 08/613 گرم مشاهده شد. عملکرد تک بوته هیبریدها دارای 67/23 درصد فوق غالبیت، 33/6 درصد غالبیت کامل، 64 درصد کاهش غالبیت و 6 درصد بدون غالبیت بودند. در این آزمایش 33/50 درصد هیبریدها (تعداد 151 هیبرید) عملکرد تک بوته بیشتری نسبت به شاهد داشتند. میزان هتروزیس برای عملکرد تک بوته 33/50 درصد بدست آمد. در این تحقیق، از نظر عملکرد غده، یکنواختی غده، سطحی بودن عمق چشم، کوتاه بودن استولون، رنگ پوست و گوشت زرد، میزان هتروزیس و درجه غالبیت، تعداد 50 هیبرید انتخاب شدند.
This research was performed to evaluate the effect of potassium humate on potato seed germination rate in the greenhouse, tuber yield and yield components in the field and estimation of heterosis rate and dominance degree in true potato seed hybrids during three years (2008-2010). In this experiment, 3500 true seeds of potato hybrid variety HPS-II/67 were planted after treated with potassium humate for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours in the planting bed of Biolan peat mass in the greenhouse and direct seed planting was considered as a control. Attributes such as time to seed germination, seed germination percentage and days to germination were recorded in the greenhouse. 540 potato seedlings were transferred to the field at 4-5 leaf stages. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replications. After harvest, number and weight of tubers per plant, tuber average size and marketable tuber yield were counted and measured and 300 hybrids were selected. The selected hybrids with Agria cultivar (control) were planted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2010. The results showed that differences between different treatments of potassium humate were significant for tuber number and weight per plant, tuber average size and marketable tuber yield. The maximum seed germination percentage, tuber number and weight per plant and marketable tuber yield were obtained for 6, 12 and 18 hours treatments of potassium humate. Potassium humate increased germination by 41% and 1.2 kg per m2 marketable tuber yield. Mean tuber yield per plant was 550 g in control and 613.08 g in hybrids. Tuber yield per plant for hybrids had 23.67% over dominance, 6.33% complete dominance, 64% reduction dominance and 6.0% without dominance. In this experiment, about 50.33% of hybrids (151 hybrids) had high tuber yield per plant than their control. Heterosis for tuber yield per plant was achieved 50.33%. Finally, 50 hybrids were selected regarding to tuber yield, tuber uniformity, shallow eye depth, short stolon and yellow flesh and skin color, heterosis rate and dominance degree.
Almekinder CJM, Chilver AS, Renia HM (1996) Current status of the TPS technology in the world. Potato Research 40: 24-31.
AL-Moshileh AM, Errebi MA (2007) IPI workshop on potassium and fertigation development in West Asia and North Africa region. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop in Rabat, Morocco, 24-28 November 2004.
331pp.
Anonymous (2007) K-Humate. Focus on form: Retrieved May 2007, from www.australianhumates.com
Anonymous (2011) Statistics vegetables (potato). Ministry of Jahad-Agriculture. http://www.maj.ir
Arshi Y (2000) Genetic improvement of vegetable crops. Jihad-e-Daneshghahi, Mashhad University. 514 pp.
Biel G, Atkins P (1965) Inheritance of quantitative characters in grain sorghum. Lower State Journal Silence 39(3): 321-324.
Biswas MK, Mondal MAA, Ahmed MG, Hoque A, Hossain MM, Islam R (2005) Study on genetic variability and heterosis in potato. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8(1): 6-9.
Bostan SZ, Islam A (2003) Effect of potassium humate on walnut seedling growth. Atatürk Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 34 (1): 29-33.
Bostan SZ, Islam A, Yilmaz M (2004) Effect of potassium humate on hazelnut seed germination. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 556: 287-290.
Cakmak I (2005) The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Plant Neutral Soil Science 168: 521-530.
Dayal TR, Upadhya MD, Chaturvedi SN (1988) Heterosis for yield and other traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato Journal 15 (3, 4): 139-147.
Fox TC, Guerinot ML (1998) Molecular biology of action transport in plant calcium. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49: 669-96.
Gadimov AG, Ahmaedova AN, Alieva RC (2007) Symbiosis nodules bacteria Rhizobium legumosarum with peas (Pisum sativum) nitrate reductase, salinification and potassium humus. Azarbayjan National Academy of Science.
Hassanpanah D (2009 a) Effects of water deficit and potassium humate on tuber yield and yield component of potato cultivars in Ardabil region, Iran. Journal of Environmental Science 3(3): 351-356.
Hassanpanah D (2009 b) In vitro and in vivo screening of potato cultivars against water stress by polyethylene glycol and potassium humate. Biotechnology Journal 8(1): 132-137.
Hassanpanah D, Gurbanov E, Gadimov A, Shahriari R (2007) Reduction of nitrate accumulation in potato by use of potassium humate for human safety. Iranian Biomedical Journal 11(1): 461. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Hassanpanah D, Gurbanov E, Gadimov A, Shahriari R (2008 a) Determination of yield stability in advanced potato cultivars as affected by water deficit and potassium humate in Ardabil region, Iran. Pakestan Journal of Biology Science 11(10): 1354-1359.
Hassanpanah D, Gurbanov E, Gadimov A, Shahriari R (2008 b) Shortening transplantation periods of potato plantlets by use of potassium humate and kadostim and their effects on mini-tuber production. Pakestan Journal of Biology Science 11(10): 1370-1374.
Hassanpanah D, Gurbanov E, Gadimov A, Shahriari R (2008 c) Effect of potassium humate on production of advanced potato mini-tuber cultivars. 14th International Meeting of IHSS, September 14 -19, Russia. pp. 655-658.
Hassanpanah D, Hassanabadi H, Nikshad KH, Hassani M (2009) Technical guideline for principles of production and planting of true potato seed (TPS). Jehad-e-Agricultural Organization of Ardabil Province, Iran. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Hassanpanah D, Hassanabadi H, Yarnia M, Khorshidi MB (2008 a) Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characters of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil region. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(5): 19-31. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Heuer B, Nadler A (1995) Growth and development of potatoes under salinity and at water deficit. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46: 1477-1486.
Hoseni AH, Khorshidi MB, Hassanpanah D, Mirshekari B, Ajali J (2009) Effect of potassium humate on the yield of three potato cultivars under normal and water stress conditions in Ardabil region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(11): 15-26.
Loon CDV (1986) Drought, a major constrain in potato production and possibilities for screening for drought resistance. Potato Research Wageningen. 516 pp.
Moll RH, Stuber CW (1974) Quantitative genetics - emperical results revant to plant breeding. Advances in Agronomy 26: 277-313.
Mousapour Ghorji A (2005) Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of new potato cultivars in spring cultivation. Final Report of a Research Project, Seed and plant Institute Improvement. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Patel VP, Patel PS, Patel NH (2007) Heterosis for tuber yield and its components in potato. Potato Journal 34
(1, 2): 55-56.
Peloquin SJ (1983) New approaches to breeding for the potato for the year 2000. In: Hooker WJ (Ed). Research for the potato in the year 2000. Proceeding of International Congress, CIP, Lima, Peru. pp. 32-34.
Raman KV, Golmirzaie AM, Palacios M, Tenorio J (1994) Inheritance of resistance to insects and mites. In: Bradshaw JE, Mackay GR (Eds). Potato genetic. CAB International. Wallingford, UK. pp. 447-463.
Virmani SS, Viraktamath BC, Cassal CL, Toledo RS, Lopez MT, Manalo JO (1997) Hybrid rice breeding manual. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 194 pp.
_||_
