مقایسه مدیریت کم¬آبیاری به روش جویچه¬ای یک در میان، آبیاری جویچه¬ای و آبیاری قطره¬ای نواری برای محصول زراعی سیب زمینی
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری های تولید پایدار
بیژن حقیقتی
1
(استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی)
عاطفه صیادی شهرکی
2
(محقق بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی)
کلید واژه: بهره¬وری, راندمان کاربرد, عملکرد, کم¬آبیاری.,
چکیده مقاله :
اين تحقيق به‌منظور بررسی کاربرد مدیریت کم¬آبیاری به روش جویچه¬ای یک در میان به همراه آبیاری کامل در دو روش آبیاری جویچه ای و قطره ای نواری در مراحل مختلف رشد سیب زمینی اجرا شد. بدين منظور در سال زراعی 1398-1399 سه قطعه زمين زراعی در مجاورت يكديگر انتخاب و در هر كدام سيب زميني رقم بورن کشت گردید. در این آزمايش مدیریت کم آبیاری جویچه ای یک در میان به همراه مدیریت کامل آبیاری در دو روش آبیاری جویچه ای و قطره ای نواری در شرايط مزرعه کشت گرديد. نتایج نشان داد، بين عملکرد غده در واحد سطح، عملکرد در بوته تعداد غده در بوته و ميزان آب مصرفي در قطعات طرح نسبت به قطعه شاهد اختلاف معنی¬دار در سطح پنج درصد وجود داشت. ميزان عملكرد محصول در واحد سطح در مديريت كم آبیاری جویچه ای یک در میان، روش آبیاری جویچه ای و روش آبیاری قطره ای نواری به ترتيب برابر 8/46، 5/50 و 3/58 تن در هكتار بدست آمد. میزان كاهش آب مصرفي در قطعات مديريت كم آبیاری جویچه ای یک در میان و روش آبیاری قطره ای نواری نسبت به روش آبیاری جویچه ای به ترتيب به¬میزان 6/25 و 42 درصد بود. بنابراین برای استفاده بهينه از آب، در مناطقي كه سيب زميني به روش سطحي آبياري مي شود مدیریت کم آبیاری جویچه ای یک در میان و روش آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری مي¬تواند یکی از راه‌های مبارزه با كمبود آب برای کشت این محصول در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک باشد.
This research was carried out to study the application of deficit irrigation in the method of alternate furrow irrigation in different stages of potato growth with full irrigation in two methods of furrow and tape drip irrigation in farm condition in the farm land of the Shahrekord region. For this purpose in the spring of 2018, three lands were selected in the vicinity of each other and cultivated with potato (CV Burren). In two pieces of land irrigation management based on deficit irrigation of alternate furrow and tape drip irrigation method and in another piece full irrigation management in furrow irrigation method was conducted. The results showed there was a significant difference between the amount of tubers yield, tubers yield per plant, number of tuber per plant and water amount in the plot compared to the control pieces. The amount of tubers yield in the method of alternate furrow irrigation, tape drip irrigation and furrow irrigation was 58.5, 46.8 and 50.5 ton/ha, respectively. The decrease in water amount in the method of alternate furrow irrigation and tape drip irrigation in comparison to full irrigation management in furrow irrigation method were 25.6 and 42 percent, respectively. Therefore, for optimizing water use, in areas where potatoes are irrigated by surface irrigation, method of alternate furrow irrigation and tape drip irrigation can be one of the ways to fight water scarcity cultivate this product in arid and semi-arid areas.
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