روایت شناسی و تفاوت میان داستان و گفتمان براساس نظریات ژرار ژنت
محورهای موضوعی :
حماسه
رویا یعقوبی
1
(
عضو هیأت علمی دانش‌کده ادبیات فارسی و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ـ واحد رودهن.ایران
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1391/02/04
تاریخ پذیرش : 1391/06/05
تاریخ انتشار : 1391/06/01
کلید واژه:
داستان,
گفتمان,
ژرار ژنت,
روایت شناسی,
چکیده مقاله :
نوشته حاضر به موضوع روایت داستانی و یا داستان روایی از دیدگاه ژرار ژنت نظریه پرداز ادبی فرانسوی می پردازد. مفهومی که تا کنون درک و دریافت هایی متفاوت از آن توسط منتقدان ادبی ارائه شده است. ژنت اهم نظریات خود را پیرامون عنصر روایت در مقاله‌ای تحت عنوان دربارة متد ارائه داده است. در این گفتار پنج مفهوم مهمی را که روایت شناسی ژنت از آن سود جسته، مورد بررسی قرار می دهیم و به تفاوت های داستان و گفتمان از دیدگاه او و تقسیمات مفهومی و عناصر مختلف آن می پردازیم.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The present article is concerned with the fictional narrative or the narrative fiction from the perspective of Gerard Genette, the French literary theorist. A controversial concept variously interpreted by the critics ever since its appearance. His major work on narrative best known in English as “An Essay in Method” deals with five main concepts discussed in detail in this article. The difference between fiction and dialogue in Genette’s eyes, conceptual divisions and their various elements are also elaborated on.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abbott, H. Porter. The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.
Barth, Roland. “Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives” In Images-Music-Text. Trans.Stephen Heath. Glasgow: Fontana Press, 1977.
Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
Cohan, Steven and Linda M. Shires. Telling Stories: A Theoretical Analysis of Narrative Fiction. London and New York: Routledge: 2001.
Fludernik, Monika. An Introduction to Narratology. Oxford: Routledge, 2009.
Gerard Genette, Figures of Literary Discourse. Trans. Marie-Rose Logan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.
--- . Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Trans. J. E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.
Herman, David. The Cambridge Companion to Narrative. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Hreman, David, Manfred Jahn and Marie-Laure Ryan. Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
Kindt. Tom and Hans-Harald Müller, eds. What Is Narratology?. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2003.
Lothe, Jakob. Narrative in Fiction and Film: an Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
O'Neill, Patrick. Fictions of Discourse: Reading Narrative Theory. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Prince, Gerald. A Dictionary of Narratology. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
---. Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative. Berlin, New York and Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1982.
---, “Revisiting Narrativity” In Grenzu¨berschreitungen: Narratologie im Kontext/ Transcending Boundaries: Narratology in Context. Walter Gr¨ unzweig and Andreas Solbach (eds.). Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1999.
Ricoeur, Paul. “Narrative Time.” In On Narrative. W. J. T. Mitchell (ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2005.
Ryan, Marie-Laure. “Toward a Definition of Narrative” in The Cambridge Companion to Narrative. Ed.David Herman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Shen, Dan. “What Narratology and Stylistics Can Do for Each Other” In A Companion to Narrative Theory. Ed James Phelan and Peter H. Rabinowitz. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.
Todorov, Tzvetan. Introduction to Poetics. Trans. Richard Howard. Minneapoles: University of Minnesota Press, 1981.
Toolan, Michael J. Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 1988.
Toolan, Michael J. Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction, 2nd edition. London and New York: Routledge, 2001.
