تأثیر تنظیم کننده‌های رشد بر برخی از صفات فتوسنتزی و حفظ ساختار غشای سلول‌های برگ پرچم دو رقم گندم تحت شرایط دیم
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علی رسائی
1
(استادیار پژوهش، معاونت سرارود، مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
سعید جلالی هنرمند
2
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
محسن سعیدی
3
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
محمداقبال قبادی
4
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.)
کلید واژه: پایداری غشای سلول, سرعت فتوسنتز, گندم, هورمون‌های گیاهی,
چکیده مقاله :
در زمان وقوع تنش‌های غیرزنده، غشای سلولی اولین بخش از سلول های گیاهی است که تحت تأثیر تنش قرار می‌گیرد و بسیاری از روابط فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی سلول و گیاه دچار اختلال می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد خارجی هورمون های مختلف رشد شامل اکسین (IAA)، جیبرلیک اسید (GA3) و سیتوکینین (6-BAP) به همراه آب مقطر (شاهد) در مرحله‌ی رشد بوتینگ دو رقم گندم (ریژاو و آذر-2)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه‌ی طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار تحت شرایط دیم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی در سال‌های 93-1392 و94-1393 اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج جدول تجزیه واریانس، اثر هورمون های مختلف رشد بر میزان سبزینگی، محتوی نسبی آب، حداکثر کارایی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II، شاخص زنده‌مانی، پایداری غشای سلول و سرعت فتوسنتز برگ هر دو رقم معنی دار بود. در بین هورمون های رشد، محلول پاشی هورمون‌های سیتوکینین و اکسین در صفات اندازه‌گیری شده برگ بیشترین اثر را داشتند و کمترین میانگین صفات مذکور در عدم پاشش (شاهد) به دست آمد. در بین دو رقم رقم ریژاو نسبت به آذر-2 برتری داشت. همچنین، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین پایداری غشای سلول با سرعت فتوسنتز، حداکثر کارایی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II و شاخص عملکرد وجود داشت. به‌طورکلی، در شرایط دیم (کمبود آب) با کاربرد خارجی هورمون سیتوکینین در مرحله بوتینگ در رقم برتر گندم ریژاو پایداری غشای سلول، محتوی نسبی آب، سرعت و کارایی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب 16، 18، 38 و 45 درصد بیشتر بود.
When the plant is exposed to abiotic stresses, the cell membrane is the first part of the cell to be affected by stress, and the relationships of the many of physiological and biochemical cell of the plant are disrupted. The effect of three growth hormones (3 indoleacetic acid [IAA], gibberellic acid [GA3] and 6 benzylaminopurine [6 BAP]) with a control (distilled water) was evaluated at booting stage of two wheat cultivars (Rijaw and Azar 2). A factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was setup at Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Based on the results, the effect of different growth hormones on SPAD, relative water content, Fv/Fm, performance index, leaf cell membrane stability and photosynthetic rate of both cultivars were significant. Among growth hormones, foliar application of Cytokinin and Auxin had the greatest effect on the measured leaf traits and the lowest mean of the traits was obtained in non-spraying treatment (control). Between the two cultivars, Rijaw cultivar was superior to Azar-2. There was also a positive and significant correlation between cell membrane stability and photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and performance index. In general, in dryland conditions (water deficiency) with external application of cytokinin in booting stage in superior wheat cultivar (Rijaw) cell membrane stability, relative water content, photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm were 16, 18, 38 and 45 percent higher than the control, respectively.
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