بررسی فیتوشیمیایی عصاره اندام‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی (Silene conoidea L.) با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی در منطقه سبزوار
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
کلید واژه: ترکیبات فعال بیولوژیکی, سلین هرز, فرکشن دی کلرومتانی, فرکشن کلروفرمی,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه سیلن هرز (Silene conoidea L.) از خانواده میخکیان (Caryophyllacea) به شمار می‌رود که برگ گیاه دارویی و خوراکی می¬باشد. این گیاه در طب سنتی و مدرن در درمان عفونت¬های پوستی، انعقاد خونريزی استفاده می‌گردد که خواص دارویی آن به ترکیبات فنولی نسبت داده می‌شود. در این پژوهش اندام‌های گل، ساقه، برگ و ریشه گیاه سیلن هرز از منطقه سبزوار در بهار 1401 جمع‌آوری گردید و برای اولین بار ترکیبات شیمیایی فرکشن‌های کلروفرمی و دی کلرومتان توسط GC-MS گزارش شد. به منظور تهیه فرکشن‌های مورد نظر در شرایط یکسان برای تمامی اندام‌ها به‌ترتیب از حلال‌های آلی اتردوپترولیوم جهت چربی زدایی و کلروفرم و دی کلرومتان جهت استخراج مواد موثره به روش خیساندن (ماسراسیون) استفاده شد. آنالیز GC-MS فرکشن‌های کلروفرمی نشان داد که مشتقات ترپنی، مشتقات فنولی، هیدرو کربن‌ها، اسیدهای چرب، مشتقات هتروسیکل، فنیل پروپان‌ها، مشتقات سیلان و استروئیدها ترکیبات اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده در تمام اندام‌ها هستند. مشتقات هیدروکربنی (16/69 درصد) در اندام گل، مشتقات ترپنی (46/40 درصد) در اندام ساقه و مشتقات اسید چرب به‌ترتیب (46/40 درصد و 98/63 درصد) در اندام برگ و ریشه بیشترین درصد ترکیبات را تشکیل می‌دهند. همچنین آنالیز GC-MS فرکشن‌های دی کلرومتانی نشان داد مشتقات ترپنی به‌ترتیب (62/47 درصد و 53/40 درصد) در اندام برگ و ساقه و مشتقات سیلانی (70/52 درصد) در اندام ریشه به‌عنوان بیشترین ترکیبات تشکیل‌دهنده می‌باشند. خواص حلال‌های استخراج نقش مهمی در تعیین استخراج ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی با خواص بیولوژیکی منحصر به فرد دارد. به‌طورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد عصاره غیر قطبی کلروفرم و ساقه گیاه دارای مواد موثره با ارزش به خصوص ترکیبات ترپنی به‌منظور اهداف دارویی می‌باشد. این نتایج نشان می دهد که سایر منابع ژنتیکی S. conoidea را می‌توان برای غربال کردن ترکیبات بیولوژیک و خالص‌سازی ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی که برای تولید، گسترش و توسعه آنتی اکسیدان‌های طبیعی در تولید دارو و مواد غذایی ارزشمند هستند، کاوش کرد.
Silene weed plant (Silene conoidea. L) is from from the Caryophyllacea family and its leaf is medicinal and edible. This plant in traditional and modern medicine, is used for treatment of skin infections and blood coagulation and its medicinal properties are attributed to phenolic compounds. In this research, flower, stem, leaf, and root of S. conoidea was collected from Sabzevar in Spring 2022 and their the chemical compositions of chloroform and dichloromethane fractions were reported by GC-MS. In order to prepare fractions of all the organs under the same conditions, petroleum ether was used for defatting, and chloroform and dichloromethane were used to extract the effective phytochemicals through maceration method. GC-MS analysis of chloroform fractions showed that terpene derivatives, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, heterocyclic derivatives, phenylpropanes, silane derivatives and steroids are the main constituent compounds in all organs. Hydrocarbon derivatives (69.16%) in flower, terpene derivatives (40.46%) in stem, and fatty acid derivatives (40.46% and 63.98%) respectively in leaf and root are the most constituent compounds in chloroform fractions. Also, the GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fractions showed that terpene derivatives (47.62% and 40.53%) in leaf and stem, respectively, and silane derivatives (52.70%) in root are the most constituent compounds. The properties of solvents play an important role in determining the extraction of phytochemical compounds with unique biological properties. In general, the results of this research showed that the non-polar extract of chloroform and the stem of the plant have valuable effective substances, especially terpene compounds, for medicinal purposes. These results suggested that other genetic resources of S. conoidea can be further explored to screen high bioactive compounds and purification of phytochemical compounds which are valuable to produce, expand, and develop natural antioxidants in the production of bio-medicine and food.
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