Phytochemical investigation of the extract of different organs of Silene conoidea. L. using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer in Sabzevar
Subject Areas : Environmental ecology
Keywords: Bioactive, Phytochemicals, Chloroform Fraction, Dichloromethane fraction, Silene weed ,
Abstract :
Silene weed plant (Silene conoidea. L) is from from the Caryophyllacea family and its leaf is medicinal and edible. This plant in traditional and modern medicine, is used for treatment of skin infections and blood coagulation and its medicinal properties are attributed to phenolic compounds. In this research, flower, stem, leaf, and root of S. conoidea was collected from Sabzevar in Spring 2022 and their the chemical compositions of chloroform and dichloromethane fractions were reported by GC-MS. In order to prepare fractions of all the organs under the same conditions, petroleum ether was used for defatting, and chloroform and dichloromethane were used to extract the effective phytochemicals through maceration method. GC-MS analysis of chloroform fractions showed that terpene derivatives, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, heterocyclic derivatives, phenylpropanes, silane derivatives and steroids are the main constituent compounds in all organs. Hydrocarbon derivatives (69.16%) in flower, terpene derivatives (40.46%) in stem, and fatty acid derivatives (40.46% and 63.98%) respectively in leaf and root are the most constituent compounds in chloroform fractions. Also, the GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fractions showed that terpene derivatives (47.62% and 40.53%) in leaf and stem, respectively, and silane derivatives (52.70%) in root are the most constituent compounds. The properties of solvents play an important role in determining the extraction of phytochemical compounds with unique biological properties. In general, the results of this research showed that the non-polar extract of chloroform and the stem of the plant have valuable effective substances, especially terpene compounds, for medicinal purposes. These results suggested that other genetic resources of S. conoidea can be further explored to screen high bioactive compounds and purification of phytochemical compounds which are valuable to produce, expand, and develop natural antioxidants in the production of bio-medicine and food.
Rubaye, A.F., Hameed, I.H., and Kadhim, M.J. 2017. A review: uses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for analysis of bioactive natural compounds of some plants. International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research. 9(1): 81-85.
Asili, J., Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Emami, S. A., Iranshahi. M., Sahebkar, A. and Eghbali, S. 2021. Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Salvia tebesana Bunge. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants. 24 (1): 31 - 39
Boğa, M. 2017. Chemical constituents, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cholinesterases inhibitory activities of Silene compacta (Fischer) extracts. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal. 21(3): 445-454.
Chandra, S., and Rawat, D. 2015. Medicinal plants of the family Caryophyllaceae: a review of ethno-medicinal uses and pharmacological propertie. Integrative Medicine Research. 4(3): 123-131.
Conforti, F., Marrelli, M., Carmela, C., Menichini, F., Valentina, P., Uzunov, D., Statti, G. A., Duez, P., and Menichini, F. 2011. Bioactive phytonutrients (omega fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols), in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide production and free radical scavenging activity of non-cultivated Mediterranean vegetables. Food chemistry. 129(4): 1413-1419.
Gonzalez-Rivera, Maria ., Barragan-Galvez, J. C., Gasca-Martínez, D., Hidalgo-Figueroa, S., Isiordia-Espinoza, M., and Alonso-Castro, A. J. 2023. In Vivo Neuropharmacological Effects of Neophytadiene. Molecules. 28: 3457.
Haq, F., Ahmad, H., and Alam, M. 2011. Traditional uses of medicinal plants of Nandiar Khuwarr catchment (District Battagram), Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(1): 39-48.
Hussein, H.J., Hameed, I.H., and Hadi, M. Y. 2017. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for analysis of bioactive compounds of methanolic leaves extract of Lepidium sativum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 10(11): 3981-3989.
Khoshoo, T.N., and Bhatia, S.K. 1963. Cytology of some Rubiaceae of the north-western Himalayas. In Proceedings/Indian Academy of Sciences. New Delhi: Springer India. 58 (1): 36-44.
Kılınç, H., Masullo, M., Bottone, A., Karayıldırım,T., Alankuş, Ö., and Piacente, S. 2019. Chemical constituents of Silene montbretiana. Natural Product Research. 33(3): 335-33.
Kucukboyaci, N., Ozcelik, B., Adiguzel, N., and Goren , A.C. 2010. Fatty-acid compositions of Silene vulgaris and S. cserei subsp. aeoniopsis seeds and their antimicrobial activities. Chemistry of natural compounds. 46: 88-91.
Liu, Y., Wang, J., Ma ,Q., and Zhang, D. 2008. Floristic analysis of desert spermatophyte families in Gansu. European Journal of Horticultural Science. 5: 007.
Mahmoud, S., Hassan, A., Abu El Wafa , S.A., and Mohamed, A.E.S. 2021. UPLC-MS/MS profiling and antitumor activity of Silene succulenta Forssk. Growing in Egypt. Azhar International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences. 1(2): 58-62.
Mamadalieva, N. Z., Lafont, R., and Wink, M. 2014. Diversity of secondary metabolites in the genus Silene L.(Caryophyllaceae)—Structures, distribution, and biological properties. Diversity. 6(3): 415-499.
Michalak, M. 2022. Plant-derived antioxidants: Significance in skin health and the ageing process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23(2): 585.
Mogoşan ,G.D., Grumezescu, A.M., Mihaiescu, D., Istrati, D., Mogoşanu D.E., and Buteica, S. 2011. Identification of sugars from Silene albae herba using GC–MS technique. UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B. 73: 101-108.
Naveed, S., Hussain, F., Khattak , I., and Badshah, L. 2012. Floristic Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Olea-Acacia Forest of Shamshokii District Karak. Global Journals Incorporated. 12(8): 31-36.
Nawaz, H., Akram, H., Hafiz, Q., Ishaq, M., Khalid, A., Zainab, B., and Mazhar, A. 2022. Polarity -dependent response of phytochemical extraction and antioxidant potential of different parts of Alcea rosea. Free Radicals and Antioxidants. 12(2):49-54
Orhan, I., Deliorman-Orhan, D., and Özçelik, B. 2009. Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the lipophilic extracts of various edible plants and their fatty acids. Food chemistry. 115(2): 701-705.
Sidana, J., Devi, R., Kumar, P., Singh, B., and Sharma, O.P. 2017. Phytoecdysteroid profiling of Silene vulgaris by UPLC-ESI-MS. Current Science. 113 (10): 1986-1992.
Shen, N., Wang, T., Gan, Q., Liu, S., Wang, L., and Jin, B. 2022. Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry. 383: 132531.
Taleghani, A., and Gholamalipour Alamdari, E. 2022. New bioactive compounds characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in hydro-methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr weed. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 57: 4884.
Thakur, A., Singh, S., and Puri, S. 2021. Nutritional evaluation, Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Stellaria monosperma Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don and Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke: wild edible plants of Western Himalayas. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 14(1):1-10.
Tok, K.C., Hurkul, M.M., Bozkurt, N.N., Aysal, A.İ., and Yayla, Ş. 2022. Investigation of phytochemicals in methanolic herba extract of Silene ruscifolia by LC-QTOF/MS and GC/MS. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University. 46(3): 827-838.
Ullah, F., Ayaz, A., Saqib, S., Zaman,W., Butt, M.A., and Ullah, A. 2019. Silene conoidea L.: A Review on its Systematic, Ethnobotany and Phytochemical profile. Plant Science Today. 6(4): 373-382.
Wei, R., Ma, Q., and Zhong ,G. 2019. Anti-Ache Benzylbenzofuran Derivatives from Silene conoidea. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 55(4): 654-657.
Yuan, Q., Xie, F., Huang, Wei ., Hu, M., Yan, Q., Chen, Z., Zheng, Y., and Liu, L. 2022. The review of alpha-linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology. Phytotherapy Research. 36(1):164-188.
Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Aktumsek, A., Ceylan, R., Uysal, S., Mocan, A., Yilmaz, M. A., Picot-Allain,C. M. N., Ćirić, A., and Glamočlija, J. 2018. Functional constituents of six wild edible Silene species: A focus on their phytochemical profiles and bioactive properties. Food bioscience. 23: 75-82.
