ارزیابی بهره‌وری آب سیب‌زمینی در شرایط کم‌آبیاری با استفاده از رهیافت مدل‌سازی
محورهای موضوعی : بهینه سازی مصرف آب
مهسا مصطفوی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، سبزوار، ایران)
یوسف هاشمی‌نژاد
2
(استادیار، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران)
محمد آرمین
3
(استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران)
حمید مروی
4
(استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران)
کوروش شجاعی
5
(استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران)
کلید واژه: اعتبار‌سنجی, شبیهسازی, عملکرد, SWAP,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به‌منظور ارزيابي عملکرد و بهره‌وري آب سيب‌زميني تحت شرایط کم‌آبیاری با استفاده از مدل SWAP در قطب‌هاي عمده سيب‌زميني‌کاري استان خراسان رضوي شامل فریمان، قوچان و گلمکان در سال 1398 به اجرا درآمد. ابتدا توانایی مدل در شبیهسازی شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد سیب‌زمینی براساس اندازه‌گیری‌های انجام‌شده از مزارعِ هر سه منطقه موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. سپس با استفاده از مدل ارزیابی‌شده، عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب سیب‌زمینی تحت سناریوهای مختلف آبیاری و کم‌آبیاری شامل آبیاری مرسوم، آبیاری بر اساس 100، 90، 80، 70، 60 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی شبیهسازی شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل SAWP در تمامی مناطق دارای قدرت خوب (R2>0/89) و دقت بالایی در شبیهسازی شاخص سطح برگ (RMSE<0/73) بود. قدرت و دقت مدل SAWP در شبیهسازی عملکرد (R2=0/96 و RMSE=908/5 kg ha-1) و بهره‌وری آب (R2=0/93 و RMSE=0/5 kg m-3) سیب‌زمینی نیز به‌ترتیب بالا و قابل‌قبول بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش میزان آب مصرفی نسبت به آبیاری کامل تا 50 درصد نیاز آبی، عملکرد سیب‌زمینی روند کاهشی داشت. میزان کاهش عملکرد به‌ازای هر یک درصد کاهش در میزان آب آبیاری در قوچان، فریمان و گلمکان به‌ترتیب 97/255 و 19/120 و 62/78 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. میزان بهره‌وری آب نیز با اعمال کم‌آبیاری تا 50 درصد نیاز آبی در گلمکان و فریمان و تا 90 درصد نیاز آبی در قوچان افزایش یافت. به‌طورکلی، با اتخاذ سناریوی کم‌آبیاری مدیریت‌شده در سطح 80 درصد نیاز آبی در گلمکان و فریمان و 90 درصد نیاز آبی در قوچان ضمن حفظ عملکرد در حد مطلوب می‌توان بهره‌وری آب را نسبت به آبیاری کامل بهبود داد.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the SWAP model to simulating yield and water productivity of potato under deficit irrigation conditions in the main potato cultivation regions of Razavi Khorasan province, including Fariman, Ghoochan, and Golmkan in 2019. First, the model performance to simulate the leaf area index and potato yield was evaluated based on the measurements taken from the fields of three locations. Then, using the evaluated model, the potato yield and water productivity were simulated under different irrigation and deficit irrigation scenarios, including irrigation based on farmer management, and 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% of potato water requirement. The results showed that the SAWP model had good performance in simulating potato leaf area index (R2>0.89 and RMSE<0.73), yield (R2=0.96 and RMSE=5.908 kg ha-1), and water productivity (R2=0.93 and RMSE=0.5 kg m-3). Compared to full irrigation, by reducing irrigation water amount to 50% of the water requirement, the potato yield decreased. The amount of yield decrease for each one percent decrease in the amount of irrigation water in Ghoochan, Fariman, and Golmkan was 255.97, 120.19 and 78.62 kg ha-1, respectively. The potato water also increased by using deficit irrigation up to 50% of the water requirement in Golmkan and Fariman and up to 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan. In general, by adopting the deficit irrigation at the level of 80% of the water requirement in Golmakan and Fariman and 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan, it is possible to improve the water productivity compared to full irrigation while maintaining the optimum yield.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper no. 56. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Ansari, M.A., Egdernezhad, A. and Ebrahimipak, N.A. 2022. Evaluation of SWAP for Simulation of Potato and Determination of Adequate Irrigation Depth. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 16(5): 891-903. (In Farsi)
Ati, A.S., Iyada, A.D. and Najim, S.M. 2012. Water use efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different irrigation methods and potassium fertilizer rates. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 57: 99–103.
Azad Talatapeh, N., Behmanesh, J., Rezaverdinejad, V. and Tayfeh Rezaie, H. 2018. Climate change impacts modeling on winter wheat yield under full and deficit irrigation in Myandoab-Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(5): 731-746.
Azad Talatapeh, N., Behmanesh, J., Rezaverdinejad, V. and Tayfeh Rezaie, H. 2018. Climate change impacts modeling on winter wheat yield under full and deficit irrigation in Myandoab-Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(5): 731-746.
Dahal, K., Li, X.-Q., Tai, H., Creelman, A. and Bizimungu, B. 2019. Improving potato stress tolerance and tuber yield under a climate change scenario- a current overview. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 547–563.
de Jong van Lier, Q., Wendroth, O. and van Dam, J.C. 2015. Prediction of winter wheat yield with the SWAP model using pedotransfer functions: An evaluation of sensitivity, parameterization and prediction accuracy. Agricultural Water Management, 154: 29–42.
Devaux, A., Goffart, J.P., Petsakos, A., Kromann, P., Gatto, M., Okello, J., Suarez, V. and Hareau, G. 2020. Global food security, contributions from sustainable potato agri-food systems. In: Campos, H., Ortiz, O. (Eds.), The Potato Crop: Its Agricultural, Nutritional and Social Contribution to Humankind. In: Campos, H. and Ortiz, O., editors. Springer International Publishing, Cham. p. 3–35.
Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H. 1979. Yield response to water. In FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 33, FAO: Rome, Italy, p. 193.
El-Abedin, T.K., Matter, M.A., Al-Ghobari, H.M.a nd Alazba, A.A. 2019. Water-saving irrigation strategies in potato fields: Effects on physiological characteristics and water use in arid region. Agronomy, 9: 1–9.
FAO (2022). FAOSTAT. FAO. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en.
Goldani, M., Bannayan, M. and Yaghoubi, F. 2021. Crop water productivity and yield response of two greenhouse basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars to deficit irrigation. Water Supply, 21(7): 3735-3751.
Heinen, M., Mulder, M. and Kroes, J. 2021. SWAP 4: technical addendum to the SWAP documentation. Wageningen Environmental Research. 41 p.
Iranian Ministry of Agriculture, 2022. Statistics of agricultural products in 2017–2018. http://www.maj.ir. Accessed 3 Mar 2022. (In Farsi)
Jing, Q., McConkey, B., Qian, B., Smith, W., Grant, B., Shang, J., Liu, J., Bindraban, P. and Luce, M.S. 2021. Assessing water management effects on spring wheat yield in the Canadian Prairies using DSSAT wheat models. Agricultural Water Management, 244: 106591.
Jonubi, R., Rezaverdinejad, V. and Salemi, H. 2017. Enhancing field scale water productivity for several rice cultivars under limited water supply. Paddy and Water Environment, 16(1): 125-141.
Kroes, J.G. and J.C. van Dam. 2003. Reference Manual SWAP version 3.0.3. Wageningen, Alterra, Green World Research. Alterra-report 773. Reference Manual SWAP version 3.0.3.doc. 211 pp.
Kroes, J.G., Van Dam, J.C., Bartholomeus, R.P., Groenendijk, P., Heinen, M., Hendriks, R.F.A., Mulder, H.M., Supit, I. and Van Walsum, P.E.V. 2017. SWAP version 4: theory description and user manual. Alterra-rapport-Wageningen University and Research Centre, (2780).
Kulig, B., Skowera, B., Klimek-Kopyra, A., Kołodziej, S. and Grygierzec, W. 2020. The Use of the WOFOST Model to Simulate Water-Limited Yield of Early Potato Cultivars.
Łabędzki, L. and Bąk, B. 2017. Impact of meteorological drought on crop water deficit and crop yield reduction in polish agriculture. Journal of Water and Land Development, 34: 181–190.
Leghari, S.J., Hu, K., Liang, H. and Wei, Y. 2019. Modeling water and nitrogen balance of different cropping systems in the North China Plain. Agronomy, 9(11): 696.
Moghimi, M.M. and Sepaskhah, A.R. 2014. Consideration of Water Productivity for Farm Water Management in Different Conditions of Water Availability for Dominant Summer Crops. Iran Agricultural Research, 33(2): 47-62.
Neukam, D., Ahrends, H., Luig, A., Manderscheid, R. and Kage, H. 2016. Integrating wheat canopy temperatures in crop system models. Agronomy, 6(1): 7.
Pradel, W., Gatto, M., Hareau, G., Pandey, S.K. and Bhardway, V. 2019. Adoption of potato varieties and their role for climate change adaption in India. Climate Risk Management, 23: 114–123.
Rodriguez, L., Sanjuanelo, D., Nustez, C.E. and Moreno-Fonseca, P. 2016. Growth and phenology of three andean potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) under water stress. Agronomía Colombiana, 34: 141–154.
Sarker, K.K., Hossain, A., Timsina, J., Biswas, S.K., Kundu, B.C., Barman, A., Murad, K.F. and Akter, F. 2019. Yield and quality of potato tuber and its water productivity are influenced by alternate furrow irrigation in a raised bed system. Agricultural Water Management, 224: 105750.
Skowera, B., Kopcińska, J., Ziernicka-Wojtaszek, A. and Wojkowski, J. 2016. Precipitation deficiencies and excesses during the growing season of late potato in the opolskie voivodship (1981–2010). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus, 15: 137–149.
Supit, I., Hooyer, A.A. and Van Diepen, C.A. 1994. System description of the WOFOST 6.0 crop simulation model implemented in the CGMS Vol. 1: Theory and algorithms. EUR publication 15956. Agricultural Series. Luxemberg.
ten Den, T., van de Wiel, I., de Wit, A., van Evert, F.K., van Ittersum, M.K. and Reidsma, P. 2022. Modelling potential potato yields: Accounting for experimental differences in modern cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy, 137: 126510.
Yaghoubi, F., Bannayan, M. and Asadi, G.A. 2022. Changes in spatio-temporal distribution of AgMERRA-derived agro-climatic indices and agro-climatic zones for wheat crops in the northeast Iran. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66: 431-446.
Yan, Y. 2105. Application of SWAP-WOFOST to evaluate the influence of water and oxygen stress on potato yield in a Dutch farm, MSc Thesis, Plant Production System, and Wageningen University. 61 pp.
Yan, Y., Reidsma, P. and Kroes, J. 2015. Application of SWAP-WOFOST to evaluate the influence of water and oxygen stress on potato yield in a Dutch farm. Unpublished MSc, Plant Production Systems. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Plant Production Systems, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 61.
Zhang, X., Chen, S., Sun, H., Wang, Y. and Shao, L. 2010. Water use efficiency and associated traits in winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 97(8): 1117-1125.
Zin El-Abedin, T.K., Mattar, M.A., Al-Ghobari, H.M. and Alazba, A.A. 2019. Water-saving irrigation strategies in potato fields: Effects on physiological characteristics and water use in arid region. Agronomy, 9(4): 172.
