چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از لیزوفسفولیپید در جیره جوجههای گوشتی به ویژه در دوره آغازین میتواند بخشی از مشکلات مربوط به هضم چربی را در پرنده مرتفع سازد. از طرفی، با توجه به نقش تعیین کننده ی ترئونین در شکل گیری ساختار جذبی در روده، این پژوهش در جهت تعیین اثرات استفاده از لیزوفسفولیپید بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و فراسنجههای خونی و ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف اسید آمینه ترئونین انجام شد. تعداد 400 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 در 8 تیمار و 5 تکرار و در یک دوره 35 روزه استفاده شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی در قالب آرایش فاکتوریل 4 × 2 شامل دو سطح استفاده از لیزوفسفولیپید در جیره (صفر و 1/0 درصد) و چهار سطح اسید آمینه ترئونین (100، 105، 110 و 115 درصد احتیاجات) بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در طی دوره 35 روزه این آزمایش، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با مکمل لیزوفسفولیپید بهبود یافت (05/0 p <). علاوه بر این، استفاده از سطوح بالاتر از 100 درصد احتیاجات ترئونین، ضریب تبدیل غذایی را بهبود بخشید (05/0 > p). از طرفی، استفاده از سطوح بالاتر از 100 درصد احتیاجات ترئونین و نیز مکمل لیزوفسفولیپید در جیره سبب افزایش قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام و چربی خام در جوجههای گوشتی شد (05/0 > p). استفاده از مکمل لیزوفسفولیپید سبب افزایش مقدار گلوکز سرم شد (05/0 > p). در حالی که سطح 105 درصد ترئونین جیره سبب کاهش معنیدار غلظت سرمی تری گلیسرید شد (05/0 > p). بنابراین، میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد که استفاده از مکمل لیزوفسفولیپید و سطوح بالاتر از 100 درصد احتیاجات ترئونین در جیره جوجههای گوشتی سبب افزایش عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی شد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
This research was conducted in order to evaluate the use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplement on performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with different levels of threonine (Thr) amino acid. In this experiment, 400 male broilers of ROSS 308 strain were used with 8 treatments and 5 repetitions in a period of 35 days. The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 4x2 including two levels of LPL in the diet (0 and 0.1%) and four levels of Thr (100, 105, 110 and 115% of requirement). Experimental diets were used for starter (0 to 10 days), grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 35 days) phases. The results of this research showed that during the 35-day period, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in broiler chickens fed with LPL supplement (p < 0.05). However, the use of LPL supplement did not have a significant effect on feed intake in broilers. In addition, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in broilers fed with 100% Thr level compared to higher amounts of Thr requirements (p < 0.05). The use of levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements and LPL supplement in the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in broiler chickens (p < 0.05). The use of LPL supplement increased the serum concentration glucose (p < 0.05). While the level of 105% Thr in the diet caused a significant decrease in serum triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the use of LPL supplement and levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements in the broiler chicken diet increased the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abbasi M.A., Mahdavi A.H., Samie A.H., Jahanian R. 2014. Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein and threonine on performance, humoral immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 16:35-44.
Ahmed I., Qaisrani S.N., Azam F., Pasha T.N., Bibi F., Naveed S., Murtaza S. 2020. Interactive effects of threonine levels and protein source on growth performance and carcass traits, gut morphology, ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, and immunity in broilers. Poultry science, 99(1):280-289.
AOAC. 2002. Official Method of Analysis. 16th Edition, Association of Official Analytical, Washington DC.
Azzam M.M.M., Zou X.T., Dong X.Y., Xie P. 2011. Effect of supplemental L-threonine on mucin 2 gene expression and intestine mucosal immune and digestive enzymes activities of laying hens in environments with high temperature and humidity. Poultry Science, 90(10):2251-2256.
Baoshan L., Jiying W., Yu H., Tiantian H., Shixin W., BingShan H., Yongzhi S. 2019. Effects of replacing fish oil with wheat germ oil on growth, fat deposition, serum biochemical indices and lipid metabolic enzyme of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus). Aquaculture, 505:54-62.
Boontiam M., Jung B., Kim Y.Y. 2017. Effect of lysopholipids supplementataion to lower nutrient diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and blood metabolites in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 96:593-601.
Chen Y., Han S., Wang Y., Li D., Zhao X., Zhu Q., Yin H. 2019. Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in broiler chicken splenocytes exposed to T-2 toxin. BioMed Research International, 2019:5493870.
Corzo A., Kidd M.T., Dozier III, W.A., Pharr G.T., Koutsos E.A., 2007. Dietary threonine needs for growth and immunity of broilers raised under different litter conditions. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(4):574-582.
Eftekhari A., Rezaeipour V., Abdullahpour R. 2015. Effects of acidified drinking water on performance, carcass, immune response, jejunum morphology, and microbiota activity of broiler chickens fed diets containing graded levels of threonine. Livestock Science, 180:158-163.
El-Katcha M.I., Soltan M.A., Shewita R., Abdo S.E., Sanad A.S., Tufarelli V., Alagawany M., El-Naggar K. 2021. Dietary fiber and lysolecithin supplementation in growing ducks: effect on performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and lipid metabolism-regulating genes. Animals, 11(10):2873.
Fenton T.W., Fenton M. 1979. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 59(3):631-634.
Gheisar MM., Hosseindoust A., Kim HB., Kim IH. 2015. Effects of lysolecithin and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Korean Journal of Poultry Science, 42:133-137.
Haetinger V.S., Dalmoro Y.K., Godoy G.L., Lang, M.B., De Souza O.F., Aristimunha, P., Stefanello C. 2021. Optimizing cost, growth performance, and nutrient absorption with a bio-emulsifier based on lysophospholipids for broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 100(4):101025.
Jansen M., Nuyens F., Buyse J., Leleu S. Van Campenhout L. 2015. Interaction between fat type and lysolecithin supplementation in broiler feeds. Poultry Science, 94:2506-2515.
Kazempour F., Shargh M.S., Jahanian R., Hassani S. 2017. Effect of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and gut morphology in broiler chicks fed diets containing different theronine levels. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 234:186-194.
Kidd M.T., Kerr B.J. 1997. Threonine responses in commercial broilers at 30 to 42 days. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 6(4):362-367.
Kolbadinejad A., Rezaeipour V. 2020. Efficacy of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seed at graded levels of dietary threonine on growth performance, serum metabolites, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104(5):1333-1342.
Mesgar A., Aghdam Shahryar H., Bailey C.A., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Mohan A., 2022. Effect of dietary L-threonine and toxin binder on performance, blood parameters, and immune response of broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Toxins, 14(3):192.
Min Y.N., Liu S.G., Qu Z.X., Meng G.H., Gao Y.P. 2017. Effects of dietary threonine levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacities, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 96(5):1290-1297.
Movagharnezhad M., Kazemi-Fard M., Rezaei M., Teimuri-Yansari A. 2020. Effects of lysophospholipid and lipase enzyme supplementation to low metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population and some blood metabolites in broiler chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 22:1001-1010.
21.Najafi R., Ahmar R., Tazehkand G.N. 2017. Effect of different dietary threonine levels on optimal growth performance and intestinal morphology in 1-14 days old Ross 308 broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 19:59-66.
22.Ospina-Rojas I.C., Murakami A.E., Oliveira C.A.L., Guerra A.F.Q.G. 2013. Supplemental glycine and threonine effects on performance, intestinal mucosa development, and nutrient utilization of growing broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92(10):2724-2731.
23.Ren L., Shen D., Liu C., Ding Y. 2022. Protein Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine phosphorylation in oral bacterial dysbiosis and bacteria-host interaction. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11:1367.
24.Roofchaei A., Rezaeipour V., Vatandour S., Zaefarian F. 2019. Influence of dietary carbohydrases, individually or in combination with phytase or an acidifier, on performance, gut morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet. Animal Nutrition, 5:63-67.
Roy A., Haldar S., Mondal S., Ghosh T.K. 2010. Effects of supplemental exogenous emulsifier on performance, nutrient metabolism, and serum lipid profile in broiler chickens. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010: 262604.
Saadatmand N., Toghyani M., Gheisari A. 2019. Effects of dietary fiber and threonine on performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses in broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 5(3): 248-255.
SAS Institute. 2003. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9/1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Schwarzer R. (Ed.) 1996. Gesundheitspsychologie: Ein Lehrbuch. Hogrefe Verlag GmbH and Company KG, 678 p.
Shumilina E.V., Khromova Y.L. Shchipunov Y.A. 2006. The effect of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol on lecithin polymer-like micelles. Colloid Journal, 68:241-247.
Solbi A., Rezaeipour V., Abdullahpour R., Gharahveysi S. 2021. Efficacy of lysophospholipids on growth performance, carcase, intestinal morphology, microbial population and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed different dietary oil sources. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1):1612-1619.
31.Wang X., Herr R.A., Chua W.J., Lybarger L., Wiertz E.J., Hansen T.H. 2007. Ubiquitination of serine, threonine, or lysine residues on the cytoplasmic tail can induce ERAD of MHC-I by viral E3 ligase mK3. The Journal of Cell Biology, 177(4):613-624.
Zaefarian F., Romero L.F., Ravindran V. 2015. Influence of high dose of phytase and an emulsifier on performance, apparent metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention in broilers fed on diets containing soy oil or tallow. British Poultry Science, 56:590-597.
Zampiga M., Meluzzi A., Sirri F. 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of lysophospholipids on produvtive performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality traits of broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 15:521-528.
34.Zarrin-Kavyani S., Khatibjoo A., Fattahnia F., Taherpour K. 2020. Effect of threonine and potassium carbonate on broiler chicken performance, immunity, carcass traits, and small intestine morphology. Tropical Animal Health And Production, 52:943-953.
Zhang B., Haitao L., Zhao D., Guo Y., Barii, A. 2011. Effect of fat type and lysophosphatidilcholin addition to broiler diets on performance, apparent digestibility of fatty acids and apparent metabolizable energy content. Animal Feed Science and Technlology: 163:177-184.
Zhao P.Y., Kim I.H. 2017. Effect of diets with different energy and lysophospholipids levels on performance, nutrient metabolism, and body composition in broilers. Poultry Science. 96:1341-1347.
_||_