Effect of Copper Oxychloride and Volck® Mineral Oil on Blooming Time, Frost Resistance and Yield in Almond cv. “Mamaei”
محورهای موضوعی : Microbiology
R. Babadaei Samani
1
(Department of Horticulture Science, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran)
M. Honarvar
2
(Department of Horticulture Science, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran)
A.R. Javid
3
(Department of Horticulture Science, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran)
کلید واژه: Bud abortion, Development stages, Frost injury, Fruit set phenological,
چکیده مقاله :
Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] is one of the most important cultivated fruit trees in Iran. Late frost in spring is a key limiting factor for almond productivity given that almond trees flower early in the spring in comparison with other temperate fruit trees. To decrease frost injury in “Mamaei” cultivar, this study was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design (CRBD) with four replications. Almond trees were sprayed with 5%, 10% and 15% concentrations of Volck® mineral oil mixed with a constant 3 g.l-1 concentration of Copper Oxychloride at two separate times, before swelling bud stage and at the swelling bud stage. The control almond trees were sprayed with pure water. The parameters such as phenological development stages of flower bud, amount of frost injury, bud abortion, fruit set and yield were measured. The results indicated that the trees treated with Copper Oxychloride and Volck® mineral oil did not show significant effects on blooming time but had a significant effect on other parameters. The result of the mean comparison indicated that the highest percentage of bud abortion (1.84%) occurred by using 15% oil concentration and the lowest bud abortion (0.49%) occurred in the control trees. The highest yield (7.9 kg/tree) was achieved by the use of 5%Volck®mineral oil plus 3 g.l-1 Copper Oxychloride during the swelling bud stage.
Alizadeh F, Grigurian V, Valizadeh M (1998) Effect of different amount of soybean oil on blooming time of apricot. Iranian Journal of Society Horticulture Science. 1, 109-118. [In Persian].
Bernier G, Kinet GM, Roy MS (1985) The physiology of flowering. CRC Press. Vol. I, II and III.
Burke MJ, Gusta LA, Quamme HA, Weiser CJ, Li PH (1976) Freezing and injury to plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 27,507-528.
Chayani Sh, Ershadi A, Sarikhani H (2015) Effect of soybean oil and NAA on delaying bud break and reducing spring low temperature damage in grape cv. Fakhri.
Iranian Journal of Crop Improvement. 2, 357-371.
Dawashi A, Shokrollahi G (1999) Effect of using copper oxychloride on almond trees. Proceeding of First Iranian Almond Symposium. Shahrekord. Iran. Pp. 19.
Deyton DE, Sams CE, Cummins JC (1992) Application of dormant oil to peach trees modifies bud-twig internal atmosphere. HortScience. 27, 1304-1305.
Egea J, Ortega E, Martínez-Gomez P, Dicenta F (2003) Chilling and heat requirements of almond cultivars for flowering. Environmentaland Experimental Botany. 50, 79–85.
Ellis Barbara W, Bradley FM (1992) The Organic Gardener’s Handbook of Natural Insect and Disease Control. Rodale Press. Emmaus, PA. Pp. 534.
Friesen LJ, Stushnoff C (1985) Spring frost injury relative to phenophase bud development in Saskatoon berry. Hort Science. 20, 744-746.
Gross DC, Cody YS, Proebsting EL, Radamaker GK, Spotts RA (1984) Ecotypes and pathogenicity of ice nucleation-active Pseudomonas syringae isolated from deciduous fruit tree orchards. Phytopathology. 74, 241-248.
Imani A (1997) Effects of biological and physiological characteristics on yield of selected almond varieties. Ph.D Thesis. Faculty of agriculture, university of Tarbiat- Moddares. Tehran. Iran. [In Persian].
Joolka N, Bushehri T, Bhutani V (1991) Effect of growth regulators, urea and tree spray oil on bloom delay and productivity of almonds. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 48(3), 217-221.
Kashanizadeh S, Gholipour Y, Mohammadbeigi A (2006) The effect of Volck® mineral oil application and its spray time on the yield and quality of commercial cultivars of pistachio in Qazvin area. Acta Horticulture. 726, 455-458.
Kester DE (1969) Almonds. In Handbook of North American Nut Growers, Assoc. (Knoxville, Tenn), pp. 302-314.
Lindow SE, Arny DC, Barchet WR, Upper CD (1978) Bacterial ice nucleation inhibitors and reduction of frost damage to plants (Abstract). Phytopathology News. 12, 138.
Lindow SE, Hirano SS, Barchet WR, Arny DC, Upper CD (1982) Relationship between ice nucleation frequency of bacteria and frost injury. Plant Physiology. 70, 1090- 1093.
Miranda C, Santesteban LG, Royo JB (2005) Variability in the relationship between frost temperature and injury level for some cultivated prunus species. Hort Science. 4(2), 357-361.
Mousavi SS, Shiran B, Imani A, Houshmand S, Ebrahimie E (2014) Investigation of some physiological indices related to frost damage in almond genotypes with different flowering time. Journal f Crop Production and Processing, 4(12), 235-247. [In Persian].
Myers RE, Deyton DE, Sams CE, (1996) Applying soybean oil to dormant peach trees alters internal atmosphere, reduces respiration, delays bloom, and thins flower buds. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science. 121, 96–100.
Rahemi AR (2002) The development of almond orchards in Iran. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 591, 177-180.
Renae E Moran, Dennis E Deyton1, Carl E Sams, John C Cummins (2000) Applying soybean oil to dormant peach trees thins flower buds. HortScince. 35(4), 615–619.
Samani RB, Mostafavi M, Khalighi A, Mousavi A (2006) Effect of different amount and application times of soybean oil spray on delaying time blooming of almond. Acta Horticulture.726, 471-473.
Sanchez-Perez R, Dicenta F, Martínez-Gomez P (2012) Inheritance of chilling and heat requirements for flowering in almond and QTL analysis. Tree GeneticsandGenomes. 8, 379–389.
Sauvage G (1995) Control night frost damage with vitamin E. Fruitteelt Den Haag. 85, 23.
Seely SD, Damavandy H, Inderson JL (1992) Autumn applied growth regulators influence leaf retention, bud hardiness, bud and flower size, and endodormancy in peach and cherry. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science. 117(2), 203-208.
Sun F, Zhao T, Yang J, Cao X, Tang C, Meng Q (2000) Species of ice-nucleation active bacteria on the apricot and the relationship between their activity and flower frost. Science Agricultural Sinica, 33, 50–58.
Talaei AR (2006) A brief outlook on Iran Horticulture. Acta Horticulture. 726, 29-32.
Zilkah S, Wiesmann Z, Klein I, David I (1996) Foliar applied urea improves freezing protection to avocado and peach. Scientia Horticulturae. 66, 85–9.
