Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Five Promised Walnut Genotypes in Karaj, Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Microbiology
R. Mahmoodi
1
(Department of Horticulture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran)
D. Hassani
2
(Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran)
M.E. Amiri
3
(Department of Horticulture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran)
M. Jaffaraghaei
4
(Department of Genetics and Plant Genetic Resources, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran)
کلید واژه: selection, Walnut, Juglans regia L, Spring frost, Superior genotype,
چکیده مقاله :
Late spring frost is one of the most important factors causing loss of production of the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Therefore, the selection of spring frost tolerant genotypes has been among the most important priorities in the breeding programs during the recent years in Horticultural Science Research Institute, Karaj-Iran. After the spring frost in 2010, five superior genotypes (B10, H1/1, H1/7, H2/1, and H2/12) were selected among 250 walnut genotypes of Kamalshar walnut collection in Karaj. At the second stage, vegetative and reproductive characteristics (Leafing and flowering date, yield, nut and kernel) of the selected genotypes were evaluated and compared with Chandler, Hartley, Pedro, Ronde de Montignac and Franquette in 2010 and 2011. Among the genotypes, H2/12 with 534 and 312g/m2 of scaffold cross area of nut and kernel yield showed the maximum production. The H2/1 with 3.37 nut/ cm2 of trunk cross sectional area and H2/12 with 48.1 nut/m2 of scaffold cross area showed the highest crop density. Based on this evaluation, the five promised walnut genotypes showed very good performance in comparison with the commercial walnut cultivars.
Akça Y (2009) Walnut Production, Anıt Publisher, Ankara Akçay ME Sub-region (Gemlik, Orhangazi, Đznik and Mudanya) of Bursa Province. Bahce Ceviz. 34, 57-62.
Akça Y, Koroglu E (2005) Study on Selection of Superior Walnut Types in Iskilip Walnut Populations. Bahce Ceviz. 34, 41-48.
Akca Y, Ozongun S (2004) Selection of late leafing, late flowering, laterally fruitful walnut (Juglans regia L.) types in Turkey. New Zealand Journal. Crop Horticalture Science. 32, 337-342.
AOAC (1984) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, VA, USA. 477-500.
Arzani K , Mansouri Ardakan H, Vezvaei A, Roozban M (2008) Morphological variation among Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from central Iran. New Zealand Journal. Crop Horticalture Science. 36, 159-168.
Asadian G, Pieber K (2005) Morphological variations in walnut varieties of the Mediterranean regions. International Journal of Agriculture and
Biology. 7, 71-73.
Aslantas R (2006) Identification of superior walnut
(Juglans regia L.) genotypes in north eastern Anatolia, Turkey. New Zealand Journal Crop Horticalture Science. 34, 231-237.
Atefi J (2001) Comparison of some promising Iranian walnut clones and foreign varieties. Acta
Horticalturae. 544, 51-59.
Barone E, Bounous G, Inglese P, Zappia R, Sepe L (1990) English walnut cultivars testing in Southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae. 284: 105-109.
Colaric M, Stampar F, Hundina M, Solar A (2006)
Sensory evaluation of different walnut cultivars (Juglans regia L.). Acta Agriculturae. Slovenica. 87, 403-413.
Ebrahimi A, Fatahi R, Zamani Z (2011) Analysis of genetic diversity among some Persian walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and SSRs marker. Scientia Horticulturae. 130, 146-151.
Eskandari S, Hassani D, Abdi A (2005) Investigation on genetic diversity of Persian walnut and evaluation of promising genotypes. Acta Horticulturae. 705, 159–166.
FAO (2010) Production Yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Forde HI (1979) Walnuts. In: Janick J, Moore JN ed. Advances in fruit breeding (2nd ed). West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, Purdue
University Press. 439-455
Germain E (1997) Genetic improvement of the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Acta Horticalturae. 442, 21-31.
Haghjooyan R, Ghareyazi B, Sanei Shariat-Panahi M, Khalighi A (2005) Investigation of genetic variation of walnut in some region of Iran by using quantitative morphological characters.
Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 69, 22-30. [In Persian]
Hansche PE, Beres V, Forde HI (1972) Estimates of quantitative genetic properties of walnut and their implications for cultivar improvement. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 97, 279-285.
Hassani D (2011) Nut Crops, In: E. Ganji Moghadam (Ed), Temperate zone pomology. 187-192.
Agricultural education and extension publication. Pp, 462.
Hemery G (1998) Walnut (Juglans regia L.) seed collecting expedition to Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. Journal of Forest. 92, 153-157.
IPGRI (1994) Descriptors for walnut (Juglans spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Kazankaya A, Koyuncu F, Koyuncu MA, Yarilgaric T, and Sen SM (2001) Some nut properties of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) of Edremit Country. Acta Horticulturae. 544, 97-100.
Khadivi-Khub A, Ebrahimi A, Mohammadi A, Kari A (2015) Characterization and selection of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from seedling origin trees. Tree Genetics & Genomes. DOI10.1007/s11295-015-0882-x.
Korac M, Cerovic S, Golosin B, Miletic R (1997)
Collecting, evaluation and utilization of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Yugoslavia. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 111, 72-74.
Ozkan G, Koyunca MA (2005) Physical and chemical composition of source walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes grown in Turkey. Grasasy Aceites. 56, 141-146.
Ramos D (1998) Walnut production manual. University of California. 328.
Serr EF (1962) Selecting Suitable Walnut Varieties. Devis California, AgriculturalExperiment. Station. 144p.
Sharma OC, Sharma SD (2001) Genetic divergence in seedling trees of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for various metric nut and kernel characters in Himachal Pradesh. Scientia Horticalturae. 88, 163-171.
Sharma S (2004) Studies on characterization and variation in walnut germplasm of diverse origin. M Sc thesis, submitted to the department of fruit breeding and genetic resources, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, India.
Sharma SD, Sharma OC (2001) Genetic divergence in seedling trees of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for various metric nut and kernel characters in Himachal Pradesh. Scientia Horticulture. 88, 163-171.
Sharma SD, Sharma OC (1998) Studies on the variability in nuts of seedling walnut (Juglans regia L.) in relation to the tree age. Fruit Variety Journal. 52, 20-23.
Shreve LW (1999) Report on nut production assessment and training. Albania Private Forestry Development Program. Chemonics International Inc. USAID.
Solar A, Stampar F (2003) Genotypic differences in branching pattern and fruiting habit in common walnut (Juglans regia L.). Annals of Botany. 92, 317-325.
Solar A, Stampar F (2005) Evaluation of some perspective walnut genotypes in Slovenia. Acta Horticulturae. 705, 131-136.
Sundouri AS, Sharma AK (2005) Pomological characterization of some walnut selections. Scientia Horticulture. 18(3), 157-160.
Sutyemez M, Kaska N (2005) Comparison of the behaviors of some locally selected genotypes and local and foreign walnut cultivars under ecological conditions of Kmaras. Acta Horticulturae. 705, 151-157.
Yarilgac T, Koyuncu F, Koyuncu MA, Kazankaya A, Sen SM (2001) Some promising walnut selections (Juglans regia L.). Acta Horticulturae. 544, 93-100.
Zeneli G, Kola H, Dida, M (2005) Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of northern Albania. Scientia Horticulture. 105, 91-100.
Zhadan VM, Strukov MV (1977) Breeding walnut for fruit size. Plant Breeding Abstracts. 47, 918.
