Pomological and Phenological Description of the New ‘Bahri Koz’ Cultivar of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Its Nutritional Value

محورهای موضوعی : Walnut

Mehmet Sütyemez ¹ , Şakir Burak Bükücü ² , Akide Özcan ³

1 - Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş 46040, Turkey
2 - Department of Plant and Animal Production, Silifke Taşucu Vocational School, Selçuk University, 33900 Silifke, Mersin, Turkey
3 - Department of Organic Farming, Göksun Vocational School, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Göksun 46650, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/11

کلید واژه: Phenology, cultivar, fatty acid, Pomology, Juglans regia L,

چکیده مقاله :

‘Bahri Koz’ is a walnut cultivar that reaches a mid-early harvest maturity and has some superior fruit traits. In 2019, the cultivar was registered and patented by the Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center of the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. To determine the pomological and phenological traits of the ‘Bahri Koz’, 27 different traits were examined. The pomological analysis determined that the in-shell nut weight of ‘Bahri Koz’ was 12-14 g, the kernel weight was 6.5-7.0 g, and the kernel ratio was 51-54%. The shell and kernel of the cultivar were determined to be light in color and the surface of the shell to have a smooth structure. ‘Bahri Koz’ had superior traits compared to the ‘Chandler’ cultivar in terms of some of the pomological parameters such as in-shell nut weight, kernel weight, and kernel percentage. The new cultivar was seen to reach leafing, harvest maturity, and defoliation at an earlier date than ‘Chandler’. The dichogamy status of the cultivar was determined to be protandrous and in this respect, a pollinator cultivar was recommended for the establishment of orchards with ‘Bahri Koz’. This cultivar was also shown to be rich in lipid and unsaturated fatty acid content.

منابع و مأخذ:

Akça Y, Ünal B, Çelik M, Okay Y (2013) Comparison of some promising Turkish and foreign walnut cultivars. VII International Walnut Symposium. 1050, 143-150. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1050.17

Anonymous (2021) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryVariety Registration and Seed Certifıcation Center, https: // www. tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/TTSM/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=87.

Bayındır F (2021) Detection of fatty acid and tocopherol contents of some walnut types and genotypes, MSc thesis, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey. pp. 101.

Bernard A, Lheureux F, Dirlewanger E (2018) Walnut: past and future of genetic improvement. Tree Genetics & Genomes 14(1), 1-28. doi: 10.1007/s11295-017-1214-0.

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. 37(8), 911-917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099

Bükücü ŞB, Özcan A, Sütyemez M, Yildirim E (2020) Determination in the phenological difference levels of seedlings of some walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 18(3), 4807-4815. doi: 10.15666 /aeer/ 1803 _48074815

Chatrabnous N, Yazdani N, Tavallali V, Vahdati K (2018) Preserving quality of fresh walnuts using plant extracts. LWT 91:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.026

Ebrahimi A, Khadivi-Khub A, Nosrati Z, Karimi R (2015) Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes with late leafing and high kernel quality in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae. 193, 195-201. doi: 10.1016 /j. scienta.2015.06.049

Ertürk U, Mert C, Soylu A, Akça Y, Okay Y (2013) Evaluation of some domestic and foreign walnut cultivars in the conditions of Bursa, Turkey. VII International Walnut Symposium. 1050_14, 123-129. doi: ActaHorticulture. 2014.1050.14

Fallah M, Vahdati K, Hasani D, Rasouli M, Sarikhani S (2022) Breeding of Persian walnut: Aiming to introduce late-leafing and early-harvesting varieties by targeted hybridization. Scientia Horticulturae. 295. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110885

Hassani D, Mozaffari MR, Soleimani A, Dastjerdi R, Rezaee R, Keshavarzi M, Vahdati K, Fahadan A, Atefi J (2020a) Four new persian walnut cultivars of Iran: Persia, Caspian, Chaldoran, and Alvand. HortScience. 55(7), 1162-1163. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI15044-20

Hassankhah A, Vahdati K, Rahemi M, Hassani D, Sarikhani Khorami S (2017) Persian walnut phenology: effect of chilling and heat requirements on budbreak and flowering date. International Journal of Horticultural. Science and Technology. 4(2), 259-271. doi: 10.22059/IJHST.2018.260944.249

IPGRI (1994) Descriptors for walnut (Juglans spp.). Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. 1-54.

Jahanbani R, Ghaffari SM, Salami M, Vahdati K, Sepehri H, Namazi Sarvestani N, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA (2016) Antioxidant and anticancer activities of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates using different proteases. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition. 71, 402-409. doi: 10.1007/s11130-016-0576-z

Kafkas E, Burgut A, Ozcan H, Ozcan A, Sutyemez M, Kafkas S, Türemis N (2017) Fatty acid, total phenol and tocopherol profiles of some walnut cultivars: a comparative study. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 8(12), 1074. doi: 10.4236/fns.2017.812079

Khadivi A, Montazeran A, Yadegari P (2019) Superior spring frost resistant walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes identified among mature seedling origin trees. Scientia Horticulturae. 253, 147-153. doi: j.scienta. 2019.04.041

Kouhi M, Rezaei A, Hassani D, Sarikhani S, Vahdati K (2020) Phenotypic evaluation and identification of superior Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Journal of Nuts. 111(4), 315-326. doi: 10.22034/JON.2021.1919541.1104

Lavedrine F, Zmirou D, Ravel A, Balducci F, Alary J (1999) Blood Cholesterol and Walnut Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Survey in France. Preventive Medicine. 28, 333-339. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1999.0460

Mahmoodi R, Hassani D, Amiri ME, Jaffaraghaei M (2016) Phenological and pomological characteristics of five promised walnut genotypes in Karaj, Iran. Journal of Nuts. 7(1), 1-8.

Manthos I, Rouskas D (2021) Introduction of a New Interesting Walnut Cultivar “Leto”. Plants. 10(12), 2738. doi: 10.3390/plants10122738

McGranahan G, Leslie C (2012) Walnut. In: Badenes M., Byrne D. (eds) Fruit Breeding. Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vol 8, Springer Boston, MA, pp. 827-846. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_22

McGranahan G, Leslie C (2015) Walnut tree named ‘Solano’, U.S. Patent Application, No. 13/694,337.

Orhan IE, Suntar IP, Akkol EK (2011) In vitro neuroprotective effects of the leaf and fruit extracts of Juglans regia L. (walnut) through enzymes linked to Alzheimer’s disease and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 62(8), 781-786. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2011.585964

Özcan A, Sütyemez M (2019) Cevizde Depolama Süresinin Protein ve Yağ Kompozisyonuna Olan Etkisinin Belirlenmesi,” Yüzüncü Yıl Üniv.Tarım Bilimleri Der. vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 628-633. doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.590308

Sánchez-González C, Ciudad CJ, Noe V, Izquierdo-Pulido M (2017) Health benefits of walnut polyphenols: An exploration beyond their lipid profile. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 57(16), 3373-3383. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126218

Sarikhani S, Vahdati K, Ligterink W (2021) Biochemical properties of superior Persian walnut genotypes originated from southwest of Iran. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(1), 13-24. doi: 10.22059/ijhst.2020.309363.392

Solar A, Veberic R, Stampar F (2014) ‘Sava’ and ‘Krka’ Walnut Cultivars. HortScience. 49(8), 1081-1082. doi: 10.21273/ HORTSCI. 49.8.1081

Spaccarotella KJ, Kris-Etherton PM, Stone WL, Bagshaw DM, Fishell VK, West SG, Lawrence FR, Hartman TJ (2008) The effect of walnut intake on factors related to prostate and vascular health in older men. Nutrition Journal. 7(1), 13. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-7-13

Sütyemez M (1998) Studies on walnut (Juglans regia L.) selection and fertilization biology of some selected types in Kahramanmaraş region. PhD thesis, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.

Sutyemez M (2016) New walnut cultivars: Maras 18, Sutyemez 1, and Kaman 1. HortScience. 51(10), 1301-1303. doi: 10.21273/ HORTSCI10972-16

Sütyemez M, Özcan A, Bükücü ŞB (2018) Walnut cultivars through cross-breeding: ʽDirilişʼ and ʽ15 Temmuzʼ. The American Pomological Society. 72(3), 173-180.

Vahdati K, Arab MM, Sarikhani S, Sadat Hosseini M, Leslie CA, Brown PJ (2019) Advances in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) breeding strategies. In: JM Al-Khayri, SM Jain and DV Johnson (eds.) Advances in plant breeding strategies, Vol 4. pp. 401-472. Nut and Beverage Crops. Springer, Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23112-5_11