مطالعه مقادیر برخی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌ها و گیاهان اطراف منطقه صنعتی شهرکرد

محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی

مهراب یادگاری ¹

1 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/07/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/09/01

کلید واژه: خاک, آلودگی, گیاهان زراعی, گیاهان مرتعی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور مطالعه مقادیر فلزات سنگین در اطراف منطقه صنعتی شهرکرد، تحقیقی در سال‌های زراعی 1392-1393 و 1393-1394 انجام شد. از آنجا که دراغلب موارد گیاهانی که در خاک‌های کشاورزی حاوی فلزات سنگین می‌رویند، مقادیر بیشتری از فلزات را در بافت‌های خود ذخیره می‌نمایند، هدف اصلی از اجرای این تحقیق بررسی میزان جذب فلزات سنگین نیکل، سرب، کروم و کادمیوم در محصولات کشاورزی (گندم و کلزا) و گیاهان مرتعی (گون و جاز) در اطراف منطقه صنعتی شهرکرد بود. بدین منظور بعد از انجام مطالعات لازم اقلیمی و خاکشناسی، ایستگاه‌های نمونه‌برداری به طور تصادفی در فواصل 100، 300، 600، 1000، 2000، 3000 و 5000 متری مناطق شمال، جنوب، شرق و غرب منطقه تحقیقاتی انتخاب شدند. در نتایج برآمده از تحقیق حاضر، روابط معنی داری بین مقادیر فلزات سنگین در بین گیاهان دیده شد که بیشترین تفاوت‌های معنی دار بین گیاهان مرتعی و گیاهان زراعی بود. تجزیه شیمیایی خاک ایستگاه‌های نمونه برداری نشان داد بیشترین غلظت موجود در بین فلزات مورد بررسی به ترتیب متعلق به نیکل (1926میکروگرم در کیلوگرم)، کادمیم (504میکروگرم در کیلوگرم)، سرب (122میکروگرم در کیلوگرم) و کروم (78میکروگرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بطورکلی در تحقیق حاضر با توجه به استانداردهای موجود، میزان فلزات سنگین به خصوص کادمیم و نیکل، هرچند پایین تر از استانداردهای جهانی بود، اما دارای تراکم بالایی بوده که باید ضمن کاهش آلودگی حاصل از کارخانجات این منطقه، تدابیری برای کاشت گیاهان مرتعی از جمله گون و جاز که تجمع دهنده مطلوب در این خصوص هستند، اندیشید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study of the amounts of heavy metals in Shahr-e-Kord industrial town, the experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Although in most cases plants which grow in agricultural soils including heavy metals, they keep more metals in their tissues. However, the main objective of implementing and investigating this research was to clarify the amount of absorption of heavy metals such as Nickel (Ni), Plumb (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in agronomy crops inclusive: Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Canola (Brassica napus), Sojak (Scariola orientalis), Tragacanth (Astragalus sp) surroundings of Shahr-e-Kord industrial industrial-town. Therefore after the accomplishment of the required studies (climatic and edaphic), sample stations have been accidentally chosen at the distance of 100, 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 meters from the North, South, East and West of research area. Sampling of aerial, land construction and soils existed in this region has been done. There was a significant difference between amount of heavy metals in Range plants and Agronomy plants. Analyzing the soils from sample stations indicated that the maximum concentration existed among metals regularly related to Ni (1926 µg/Kg), Cd (504 µg/Kg), Pb (122 µg/Kg) & Cr (78 µg/Kg). However the concentration of heavy metals especially Cd and Ni was leaser than global standard but had high density in this region, therefore to decrease of pollution must contemplate for planting of Tragacanth and Sojak plants as range plants that accumulate of heavy metals.

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