تحلیل روش و اهداف سیاسی مداخله سایبری عناصر منسوب به روسیه در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری2016 آمریکا
محورهای موضوعی : روابط بین الملل
سعیده مرادی فر
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
)
علی امیدی
2
(
دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه اصفهان
)
کلید واژه: رسانه‌های اجتماعی, پسا حقیقت, جنگ اطلاعاتی, نفوذ سایبری,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده با استناد به شواهدی که برخی منابع آمریکایی ارائه می‌کنند روسیه با تکیه بر توان سایبری و عملیاتی از پیش طراحی شده توانست بر انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 2016 آمریکا اثرگذار باشد و با بکارگیری تکنولوژی‌های فضای سایبری، اهداف سیاسی خود را در زمانی که به آن عصر پساحقیقت می‌گویند تعقیب نماید. از اینرو پرسش اصلی مقاله حاضر آن است که روسیه چگونه در انتخابات 2016 ریاست جمهوری آمریکا مداخله کرده و اساسا هدف روسیه از این مداخله چیست؟ فرضیه مقاله که به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بررسی جعلی و اطلاعات گزینشی بر روند انتخابات ریاست جمهوری آمریکا اثرگذار بوده و فرصت پیروزی هیلاری کلینتون را کاهش و شانس ترامپ شده این است که از نظر کارشناسان و نهادهای اطلاعاتی آمریکا، عناصری در روسیه با بکارگیری فناوری‌های فضای مجازی نظیر رسانه‌های اجتماعی، ربات‌ها و ترول‌ها و با نشر اخبار را افزایش داده، که این مهم به نوبه خود موجب تضعیف اعتماد مردم به نهادهای سیاسی آمریکا و همچنین تشدید رقابت مسکو-واشنگتن شده است. هر چند روسیه رسما و مکررا چنین مداخله‌ای را از سوی منابع دولتی تکذیب کرده؛ ولی نگارندگان با توجه به شواهد ارائه شده از جامعه اطلاعاتی آمریکا و مدیر اطلاعات ملی آمریکا در 2016 و همچنین گزارش رسمی رابرت مولر در سال 2019 که در آن 26 شخص و سه نهاد روس را متهم به مداخله سایبری کرد فرض بر مداخله عناصری از خاک روسیه (نه ضرورتا دولت روسیه) در انتخابات مزبور می‌گذارند. این مقاله، چگونگی و پیامدهای این مداخله را می‌کاود.
Abstract: Based on evidence provided by the Americans, Russia was able to influence the US presidential election in 2016. Moscow by using its cyberspace technologies could pursue its political goals at a time which it is called post-truth era. Therefore, the main question of this article is how Russia intervened in the presidential election in 2016 and basically what Russia main goal was for this intervention. The hypothesis of this article, which has been analyzed by descriptive-analytic method, is that Russia influenced by the use of cyberspace technologies such as social media, robots and trolls, with the propagation of fraudulent news or selective information to undermine Hillary Clinton's opportunity to win and therefore boost the candidacy of Donald Trump. This issue in turn undermined the US public's confidence in the political institutions and has brought about the intensification of Moscow-Washington relations afterwards. Although Russia officially and repeatedly denied such an intervention by government sources, But the authors, according to the evidence presented by the "United States Intelligence Community" and "the Director of National Intelligence" in 2016, as well as the "Robert Müller Report" in 2019, in which 26 individuals and three Russian entities were charged with cyber – intervention, It assumes the intervention of elements from the Russian soil (not necessarily the Russian government) in the election. This article investigates the consequences of this intervention.
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