اثربخشی آموزش والدگری ذهن‌آگاهانه و والدگری آزادمنشانه مبتنی بر نظریه آدلر بر بهزیستی روان‌شناختی مادران
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی بالینی
فرحناز فرد
1
(دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ساوه)
شهلا پاکدامن
2
(دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
اصغر مینایی
3
(دانشیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی)
کلید واژه: بهزیستی روان شناختی, والدگری ذهن آگاهانه, والدگری آزادمنشانه,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف مقایسة اثربخشی والدگری ذهن آگاهانه و والدگری آزادمنشانه مبتنی بر نظریة آدلر بر بهزیستی روان شناختی مادران انجام شد. 175 مادر نوجوانان 13 تا 15 سال از یک دبیرستان متوسطة دورة اول به شیوة دردسترس انتخاب و با استفاده از مقیاس بهزیستی روان شناختی (ریف،1989) و مقیاس راهبردهای تعارض (موری اشتراوس، 1979) سنجش و 54 نفر از آنان، که بالاترین نمرة تعارض و کمترین نمرة بهزیستی روان شناختی را کسب کردند و ملاک های ورود به پژوهش را داشتند، به عنوان نمونة پژوهش انتخاب و به شیوة تصادفی در سه گروه 18 نفری _ دو گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه گواه _ جایگزین شدند. گروه های آموزشی در خلال هشت جلسة 120 دقیقه ای تحت مداخلة آموزشی قرار گرفتند و در سه مرحله با مقیاس بهزیستی روان شناختی (ریف، 1989) آزمون شدند. نتایج تحلیل طرح آمیخته نشان داد نمره های بهزیستی روان شناختی هر دو گروه آزمایشی در پس آزمون در مقایسه با گروه گواه به طور معنادار افزایش یافت و در پیگیری دوماهه نیز همچنان بالا بود. همچنین مشخص شد بین اثربخشی والدگری آزادمنشانه و والدگری ذهن آگاهانه بر بهزیستی روان شناختی مادران تفاوت معنادار وجود ندارد.
This study aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based parenting and Adler-based democratic parenting on increasing the psychological well-being of mothers of adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old. 175 mothers of one high schools were selected by available method and assessed through the Reef's psychological well-being (1989) and Murray Strauss conflict questionnaire (1979). 54 mothers who received the lowest score of psychological well-being, and had the criteria to enter the research, were selected as research sample and were replaced accidentally into three groups of 18 people - two experimental groups and one control group.The training groups underwent training sessions during eight 120-minute sessions. Subjects in three steps were tested by Reef's psychological well-being (1989).The results of the mixed design analysis showed the psychological well-being scores of both the experimental and control groups did not differ in the pretest stage, but later from the educational interventions, the scores of both experimental groups increased significantly compared to the control group in the posttest and continued to pursue for two months follow-up. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of democratic parenting and mindfulness-based Parenting on mothers' psychological well-being.
Abed, N., Pakdaman, Sh., Mazaheri, M.A., Heidari, M. & Tahmasian, K. (2017).The effectiveness of teaching respectful listening to children on mothers's psychological well-being. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13 (52), 365-380. [In Persian].
Aghaie, E., Roshan, R., Mohamadkhani, P., Shaeeri, M. R., & Gholami-Fesharaki, M. (2018). Improvement through mindfulness-based interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 20 (3), 1-7.
Akin, A. (2008). The scales of psychological well- being: A study of validity and reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory and practice, 8 (3), 741-750.
Alizadeh, H., & Sajjadi, H. (2009). Rudolf Drikors: Democratic relations and mutual respect. Tehran: Danjeh Publishing.[In Persian].
Bi, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Zhang, W., & Deater- Deckrd, K. (2018). Parenting styles and parent–adolescent relationships: The mediating roles of behavioral autonomy and parental authority. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 300-308.
Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1(2), 107–120.
Bögels, S. M., & Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful parenting: A guide for mental health practitioners. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
Borjali, M., Bagiyan M. J., Bakhti, M., & Abbasi, M. (2014).The encouragement training based on Adlerian approach and the social and emotional well-being of boarding school students. Family and Research Journal, 10 (4), 83-100. [In Persian].
Cassel, P., & Corsini, R. J. (1990). Coping with teenagers in a democracy. Translated by H. Alizadeh & M. Khanabadi. Tehran: Danjeh Publishing. [In Persian].
Dinkmeyer, D., McKay, G. D., & Dinkmeyer, D., Jr. (1997). Systematic training for effective parenting. Translated by M. Firoozbakht. Tehran: Danjeh Publishing. [In Persian].
Faraji Davar, A. (2019). The effectiveness of psychological empowerment training based on Adler's theory of individual psychology on psychological well-being and resilience of mothers of children with cancer. Fifth National Conference on Recent Innovations in Psychology, Applications and Empowerment. Dome: Shams University. [In Persian].
Farnam, A. (2018). Effectiveness of poblem solving and anger management on decrease of parent-adolescent conflicts among boy students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 15 (49), 176-149. [In Persian].
Hamidipor, R., & Sadati, M. (2018). Comparison of the effectiveness of mothers' education with Adler's approach and group play therapy on children with conduct disorder. Inernational Conference on Psychology, Counseling, Educationin in Mashad. [In Persian].
Haydicky, J., Shecter, C., Wiener, J., & Ducharme, J. M. (2015). Evaluation of MBCT for adolescents with ADHD and their parents: Impact on individual and family functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(1), 76-94.
Havigerova, J., Snoblova, M., & Truhlarova, Z. (2015). Common activities of parents and Preschool children strengthening their relationship. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 197-201.
Herting, M.M., & Sowell, E.R. (2017). Puberty and structural brain development in humans. Frontiers in Neuroendcrinology, 44, 122–137.
Jensen, L. A., & Dost-Gözkan, A. (2015). Adolescent-parent relations in Asian Indian and Salvadoran immigrant families: A cultural-developmental analysis of autonomy, authority, conflict, and cohesion. Journal of Research onAdolescence, 25(2), 340–351.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our senses: Healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness.PhD Paperback.
Kalantarkousheh, S. M., & Navarbafi, F. (2012). Reliability and exploratory factor analysis of psychological well-being in a persian sample. Science Series Data Report, 4, 11- 27.
Kendrick, D., Barlow, J., Hampshier, A., Stewart-Brown, S., & Poinay, L. (2008). Parenting interventions and the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood: Systematic review and meta-analysis. London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Khodabakhsh, R., & Jafari, M. (2015). Exploring the efficacy of parental training with Adlerian approach on coping styles of mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder & on reduction of ODD symptoms. Journal Psychological Studies, 10(4), 7-30. [In Persian].
Kishida, M., Mama, S. K., Larkey, L. K., & Elavsky, S. (2018). Yoga resets my inner peace barometer: A qualitative study illuminating the pathways of how yoga impacts one’s relationship to oneself and to others. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 40, 215-221.
Kopp, R. (2007). Resolving power struggles in love and marriage. Journal of Individual Psychology, 63(3), 45-68.
Kwan Christine, M. L., Love, G. D., Ryff, C. D., & Essex, M. J. (2003). The role of selfenhancing evaluations in a successful life transition. Psychology of Aging, 18(1), 3– 12.
Lin, C. (2016). The role of social support and coping style in the relation ship between gratitude and well- being. Personality and Individual Difference, 89, 13-18.
Lahav, Z., & Brunstein, A. (2018). Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The moderating role of parent-child conflicts among boys and girls. Journal of Adolescence, 68, 152-158.
Larson, B. J. (2000). Systematic Training for Effective Parenting of Teens (STEP/Teen): Parental authority, adolescent externalizing behavior, and parent-child relationships. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(3), 1640B.
Mansoori, M. & Nazemipour, H. (2016). The effectiveness of Adler's parent education on the well –being and parental stress of mothers of children with autism. The First National Congress of Community Empowerment in the Field of Social Sciences, Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran, Center for Empowerment of Cultural and Social Skills. [In Persian].
Mastrotheodoros, S., Van der graaff, J., Decovik, M., H. J. Meeus, w., Branj, S. (2020). Parent–adolescent conflict across adolescence: Trajectories of informant discrepancies and associations with personality types. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49,119–135.
Mohammadi, M., Tahmasian, K., Ghanbari, S., & Fathabadi, J. (2018). Efficacy of mindful parenting program on parenting stress and parental self-efficacy among high conflict adolescents’ mothers. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 14 (56), 419-433. [In Persian].
Myers, R. E. (2017). Cultivating mindfulness to promote self-care and well-being in perioperative nurses. Journal of the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, 105(3), 259-266.
McGill, J., Adler-Baeder, F., & Rodriguez, P. (2016). Mindfully in love: A meta-analysis of the association between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 4 (1), 89-101.
Mokhtaeniya, A., Zadeh Mohamadi, A., Habibi Asgarabad, M., & Mirzaeefar, F. (2016). Marital conflicts and adolescent parent conflicts: The mediating role of adolescent evaluations of interparent conflicts. Family Research Journal, 12(48), 663-682. [In Persian].
Parent, J., McKee, L. G., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Jones, D. J., & Forehand, R. (2016). Mindfulness in parenting and coparenting. Mindfulness, 7(2), 504-513.
Peters, J. R., Smart, L. M., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Geiger, P. J., Smith, G. T., & Baer, R. A. (2015). Anger rumination as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and aggression: the utility of a multidimensional mindfulness model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71, 871-884.
Pérez J. C., Cumsille P., Martínez M. L. (2016). Brief report: agreement between parent and adolescent autonomy expectations and its relationship to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 10–15.
Rostami, S., Toozandehjani, H., & Nejat, H. (2019). The comparison of the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training and Adler-Dreikurs parenting training on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship in divorced mother’s children. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 11 (3), 46-55. [In Persian].
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6(57), 1069- 1081.
Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83 (1), 10-28.
Smith, C. (1996). Developing Parenting programs. London: National Children‘s Bureau.
Sanai, B. (2007). Family and marriage scales. Tehran: Besat. [In Persian].
Straus, M.A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75–88
Zell, E., Krizan, Z., & Teeter, S. R. (2015). Evaluating gender similarities and differences using metasynthesis. American Psychologist, 70(1), 10-20.
_||_