مروری بر بودارکننده های مدرن گاز طبیعی: بررسی ساختاری، روش های سنتز و کاربردها
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی کاربردی
نهال مجدالدین
1
(دانشجوی دکترای شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری¬های همگرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.)
سحر بنی یعقوب
2
(استادیار شیمی معدنی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری¬های همگرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.)
کامبیز تحویلداری
3
(دانشیار شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران.ن)
امیر وحید
4
(استادیار شیمی تجزیه، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران ، صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: بودارکننده, بودارکننده, گاز طبیعی, گوگرد, ایمنی.,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش ایمنی و بازده گاز طبیعی، برای مصارف گسترده ای که در تأمین انرژی مورد نیاز صنایع گوناگون و مصرف کنندگان خانگی در سراسر جهان دارد، از مسائل بسیار مهم است. به عبارتی بدون درنظرگرفتن عوامل ایمنی که مانع نشت گاز، انفجار و آتش سوزی می شوند، بهره برداری از این انرژی فسیلی بسیار پرخطر است. بنابراین، برای غلبه بر این مشکل ها، تزریق ترکیب های شیمیایی مناسب به گاز طبیعی که مصرف کنندگان بتوانند وجود گاز را در هوا تشخیص دهند، حیاتی است. تاکنون ترکیب های زیادی برای تزریق به گاز طبیعی تحت عنوان بودارکننده، فرموله و تولید شده اند. این ترکیب ها به دلیل بوی خاص متعفن و تندی که دارند، در صورت نشت گاز به راحتی در غلظت های بسیار پایین توسط هر فردی قابل شناسایی هستند. همه مواد بودارکننده در دو گروه کلاسیک و مدرن جای می گیرند. در این پژوهش، به مطالعه مفهومی انواع بودارکننده های مدرن گاز طبیعی پرداخته شده است. همچنین، پس از بررسی اصول شیمیایی و تاریخچه اکتشاف این ترکیب ها، مهم ترین ویژگی های بودارکننده ها برای دستیابی به مناسب ترین ماده بودارکننده و روش های سنتز آن ها ارائه شده اند.
Improving safety and increasing efficiency of utilization of natural gas is very important issue due to its wide use as one of the main energy sources for industry and home consumers all around the world. On the other hand, utilization of this clean fossil energy is too risky without considering safety cautions regarding gas leakage, explosion, and flammability. Due to the above mentioned facts and to overcome the problems, it is vital to inject proper compounds to natural gas to make it easily detectable by any person. So far, various types of compounds as "odorant" have been formulated and produced to inject to natural gas. In case of gas leakage, these compounds at low concentration are easily detectable by any person, due to their specific and pungent stink odor. Odorants are classified into classical and modern categories. In this article, a comprehensive study on different aspects of modern natural gas odorants and their odorization process has been performed. In addition, with studying basic chemistry and history of these compounds, the most important properties of odorants have been presented in order to help to recognize the most proper odorant for a specific application and its synthesis methods.
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