بررسی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی برنج تحت تاثیر تنش شوری

محورهای موضوعی : زیست شناسی سلولی تکوینی گیاهی و جانوری ، تکوین و تمایز ، زیست شناسی میکروارگانیسم

علی اصغر باقری ¹ , فریبا خسروی نژاد ²

1 - گروه زیست شناسی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن،
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن،

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/07/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/01

کلید واژه: تنش شوری, پرولین, Oryza sativa, آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان, مالون دی آلدئید,

چکیده مقاله :

تنش های غیر زیستی از جمله شوری، مهم ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک هستند. بسیاری از اثرات تنش شوری در سطوح سلولی اعمال می گردد. به منظور درک پاسخ برنج به تنش شوری، فعالیت بعضی آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان، پراکسیداسیون لیپید و محتوای پرولین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاه برنج به مدت 14 روز تحت تاثیر غلظت های 0، 100، 200و 300 میلی مولار کلرید سدیم(NaCl) قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، آزمایش گلخانه ای در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش کلرید سدیم پارامترهای رشد برای مثال وزن تر و خشک و اندازه گیاه کاهش نشان داد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز(CAT) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز(POD) با افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم افزایش یافت اما فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز(SOD) با افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم تا غلظت 200 میلی مولار افزایش و سپس در غلظت 300 میلی مولار کاهش نشان داد. محتوای پرولین(Pro) و مالون دی آلدئید(MDA) در غلظت 300 میلی مولار به ترتیب به میزان 2 و 6/3 برابر نسبت به غلظت صفر میلی مولار کلرید سدیم افزایش نشان داد. نتایج ما نشان داد که افزایش فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز همراه با افزایش میزان پرولین درتحمل برنج به تنش شوری تاثیر مثبتی داشته است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antioxidant enzyme activities, Lipid peroxidation and Proline content were analyzed. Oryza sativa plant was treated by NaCl 0(control), 100, 200 and 300 mM for 14 days. For this purpose, a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results showed that Growth parameters for example fresh and dry weight and height of shoot decreased under increasing NaCl. With increasing the concentration of NaCl, The activity of Catalase(CAT) and Ascorbat peroxidase(APX) were increased, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with increasing NaCl to 200 mM and then decreased at 300mM. Proline (Pro) and Malondialdehyde(MDA) contents respectively increased 2 and 3.6-fold at 300mM NaCl relative to the 0mM NaCl. Our results showed that by increasing the activity of CAT, SOD and APX associated with increased Proline had a positive effect on salt tolerance of Oryza sativa.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1] Abtahi A. 1992. The tolorance limitation of plant against to salinity. Technical journal, 16, Pedology group, Agricultural faculty, Shiraz University.

[2] Aebi H. 1974. Catalases, in: H.U. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Methods of enzymatic analysis, vol. 2, Academic Press, NY, pp. 673-684.

[3] Ahmad P., jaleel CA., sharma S. 2010. Antioxidant defense system, Lipid peroxidation, Prolin- metabolizing enzymes, and Biochemical activites in two Morus alba genotypes subjected to NaCl stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 25: 509- 517

[4] Ahmad P., Prasad MNV. 2012. Environmental adaptations and stress tolerance in plants in the era of climate change. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, New York

[5] Akbar M., Gunawardena I. E., Ponnamperuma F. N. 1986. Breeding for soil stresses. In: Progress in rainfed lowland rice. International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.

[6] Akbar M., Yabuno T. 1974. Breeding for saline- resistant varieties of rice. Japanese Journal of Breeding 24 (4):176-181.

[7] Asch F., Dingkuhn M., Dorffling K. 2000. Salinity increases CO2 assimilation but reduces growth in field grown irrigated rice. Land and Soil 218: 1–10.

[8] Asghari H., Marschner P., Smith S., Smith F. 2005 Growth response of Atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal Ashraf M., Harris PJC. 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science. 166: 3-16.

[9] Badawi GH., Kawano N., Yamauchi Y., Shimada E., Sasaki R., Kubo A., Tanaka K. 2004. Over-expression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhances the tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Physiologia Plantarum. 121: 231–238.

[10] Bates, LS., Waldren RP., Teare ID. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline in water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205–207.

[11] Beauchamp CU., Fridovich I. 1971. Improved assays for superoxide dismutase and an assay applicable to polyacrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry. 44: 276-87.

[12] Becana M., Moran JF., Iturbe-Ormaetxe I. 1998. Iron dependent oxygen free radical generation in plants subjected to environmental stress: toxicity and antioxidant protection. Plant and Soil. 201: 137-147.

[13] Bor M., Ozdemir F., Turkan I. 2003. The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Science. 164: 77–84.

[14] Cardinale M. R., Stefan S., Christian M., Ana M. Z., Rita G.P., Schnell S. 2015. Paradox of plant growth promotion potential of rhizobacteria and their actual promotion effect on growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress. Microbiological Research. Volume 181: Pages 22-32

[15] Cheraghi S. A., Hasheminejhad M. Y., Rahimian M. H. 2009. An overview of the salinity problem in Iran: Assessment and monitoring technology. In: Advances in the assessment and monitoring of salinization and status of biosaline agriculture Reports of expert consultation held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 26–29 November 2007. World Soil Resources Reports No. 104. FAO, Rome, p 2122.

[16] Colla G., Rouphael Y., Cardarelli M., Tullio M., Rivera C. M., Rea E. 2008. Alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal in zucchini plants grown at low and high phosphorus concentration. Biology of Fertilize Soils. 44: 501-509.

[17] Giri B., Kapoor R., Mukerji K.G. 2007. Improved tolerance of Acacea nilotica to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues. Microb Ecology. 54:753-60.

[18] Hasanuzzaman M., Nahar K., Fujita M. 2013. Plant response to salt stress and role of exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages. In: Ahmad P, Azooz MM, Prasad MNV (eds) Ecophysiology and responses of plants under salt stress. Springer, New York. pp 25–87

[19] Heath RL., Packer L.1968. Photo peroxidarion in isolated chloroplasts. kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125: 189-198.

[20] Hernandez JA., Jimenez A., Mullineaux P., Sevilla F. 2000. Tolerance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to long-term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defenses. Plant Cell & Environment. 23: 853-862.

[21] Jebara C., Jebara M., Limam F., Elarbi Aouani M. 2005. Changes in ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules under salt stress. J. Plant Physiol. 162: 929-936.

[22] Luna C., Seffino LG., Arias C., Taleisnik E. 2000. Oxidative stress indicators as selection tools for salt tolerance in Chloris gayana. Plant Breeding. 119: 341345.

[23] Meloni DA., Oliva MA., Martinez CA., Cambraia J. 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 49: 6976.

[24] Mudgal V., Madaan N., Mudgal A. 2010. Biochemical Mechanisms of salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review. International Journal of Botany. 6: 136-143.

[25] Nagamiya K., Motohashi T., Nakao K., Prodhan SH., Hattori E., Hirose S., Ozawa K., Ohkawa Y., Takabe T. 2007. Enhancement of salt tolerance in transgenic rice expressing an Escherichia coli catalase gene, kat E. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 1: 49–55.

[26] Noctor G., Foyer CH. 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 249279.

[27] Parida A. K., Das A.B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60: 324-349.

[28] S., Masood A., Hasanuzzaman M., Khan M. I.R., Anjum N.A. 2017. Approaches in modulating proline metabolism in plants for salt and drought stress tolerance: Phytohormones, mineral nutrients and transgenic. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 115: 126-140

[29] Rabie G. H., Almadini A. M.. 2005. Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4: 210-222.

[30] Sairam R.K., Srivastava G.C. 2001. Water stress tolerance of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Variation in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activiy in tolerant and susceptible genotype. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 186: 63-70.

[31] Sekmen AH., Turkan I., Takio S. 2007. Differential responses of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation to salt stress in salttolerant Plantago maritima and salt-sensitive Plantago media. Physiologia Plantarum. 131: 399–411.

[32] Shannon, MC. 1997. Adaptation of plants to salinity. Advances in Agronomy. 60: 75–120.

[33] Sumithra K., Jutur PP., Carmel BD., Reddy AR. 2006. Salinity-induced changes in two cultivars of Vigna radiata: responses of antioxidative and proline metabolism. Plant Growth Regul. 50: 1122.

[34] Wi SJ., Kim WT., Park KY. 2006. Overexpression of carnation Sadenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell Reports. 25: 1111–1121.

[35] Zhang H., Han B., Wang T., Chen S., Li H., Zhang Y., Dai S. 2012. Mechanisms of plant salt response: Insights from proteomics. J Proteome Res. 11:49–67.

[36] Zhang ZH., Liu Q., Song HX., Rong XM., Ismail AM. 2012. Responses of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to salt stress and relation to carbohydrate metabolism and chlorophyll content. Afr J Agric. Res 7:19–27.