On-farm Energy Use (Case of Dire County, Kermanshah Province)
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental policy and managementنشمیل افشارزاده 1 , عبدالحمید پاپ زدن 2 , سهراب دل انگیزان 3 , مهدی اشجعی 4
1 - سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - سازمان ترویج، آموزش و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
4 - دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک. دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: Renewable Energy, energy consumption, Sustainable agriculture, Wheat and Corn farms, energy sources,
چکیده مقاله :
This paper focuses on the amount of diesel consumption as one of the non-renewable energy sources consumed by the agricultural machinery and water pumps in wheat and corn farms in Dire County,Kermanshah Province, Iran. The population of the study was determined by Bartlett table. Stratified random sampling method and census was used for the selection of respondents. The sample was composed of 247 wheat growers, 235 corn growers, and 57 tractor drivers selected by Bartlett’s table. Combine drivers as well as farm irrigation diesel owners were selected by census (N=15, N=48, respectively). The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS software package. The findings revealed that in wheat farms, soil preparation had the highest consumption of diesel by 49% and in corn farms inter culturing had the highest diesel consumption by 38%. Moreover, the amount of diesel consumed in 3600 ha wheat and a corn farm in Dire County was 403,852.6 lit/year equivalent to 15,346,399 MJ. Burning this amount of diesel produces about 1, 058,094 kg CO2/year. Overall, farm machinery, water pumping and irrigation for two major crops in the county are extremely reliant on nonrenewable fossil fuel resulting in large amount of CO2 emission. Hence, an aggressive and innovative policy is required to restructure and redesign energy system in agriculture sector at national and local levels. Finally, it seems that paradigm shift to sustainable agriculture and development of clean and renewable energy in Iran's agricultural sector is unavoidable.
این پژوهش بر میزان مصرف گازوئیل به عنوان یکی از انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر توسط ماشین آلات و پمپ آب کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره دراستان کرمانشاه تمرکزکرده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت تعیین شد. برای انتخاب پاسخ دهندگان، ازروشهای نمونه گیری طبقه ای تصادفی و سرشماری استفاده شد. نمونهها مشتمل بر247 کشاورز گندمکار، 235 ذرتکار و 57 راننده تراکتور بودند که بر مبنای جدول بارتلت انتخاب شدند. رانندگان کمباین و صاحبان پمپهای دیزلی آبیاری سرشماری شدند (N = 15، N = 48). ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامه بود و تحلیل دادهها توسط نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. این یافتهها نشان داد هم در مزارع گندم و هم مزارع ذرت، آمادهسازی خاک بالاترین مصرف گازوئیل را به ترتیب با 49٪ و 37٪ دارا بود. افزون بر این، مقدار گازوئیل مصرف شده در 3600 هکتار مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره معادل 6/403852 لیتر/سال معادل MJ 399،346،15 بود. سوزاندن این مقدار از گازوئیل سالانه حدود 094 ,058,1 کیلوگرم CO2 تولید میکند. به طور کلی، ماشین آلات کشاورزی، پمپاژ آب و آبیاری برای دو محصول عمدهی دهستان به نحو گسترده ای وابسته به سوختهای فسیلی و تجدید ناپذیر است که نتیجهی آن انتشار مقدار زیادی CO2 میباشد. این رو، به نظر میرسد یک سیاست تهاجمی و نوآورانه برای بازسازی و طراحی مجدد سیستم انرژی در بخش کشاورزی در سطح ملی و محلی مورد نیاز جدی کشوربوده و تغییر پارادایم به کشاورزی پایدار و توسعه انرژی پاک و تجدید پذیر در بخش کشاورزی ایران اجتناب ناپذیر است.
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