Exploring the Role of Social Capital in Agricultural Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: Application of Smart PLS
محورهای موضوعی : Family and social enterprise
مژگان خوش مرام
1
(گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی)
Kiumars Zarafshani
2
(دانشیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی، داشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی)
امیرحسین علی بیگی
3
(استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی)
علی اصغر میراک زاده
4
(استادیار گروه توسعه و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی)
کلید واژه: Employment, social network, Agricultural entrepreneurship, strong tie, weak tie,
چکیده مقاله :
Although agriculture has a major role in economy, in general,and employment opportunities for unemployed population,in particular, limited ability of individuals to recognize entrepreneurialopportunities in agriculture has reduced the share ofagriculture in employment. Therefore, the enhancement of opportunityrecognition skills among individuals in the agriculturesector is believed to solve unemployment challenges. Socialcapital is a rich source of information that permits the individualsto identify different combinations of the means-ends in thecreation of new products or services for a particular market.Thus, this study sought to explore the role of social capitalcomponents in agricultural entrepreneurial opportunity recognitionin Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this studyconsisted of all agricultural entrepreneurs in Kermanshahprovince (N=136), 102 of them were selected as the sample ofthe study based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table andthe use of a proportional stratified sampling method. The maininstrument in this study was a questionnaire whose validity wasconfirmed by a panel of experts; its average variance wasextracted, and its discriminant validity and reliability coefficientwas established by using a Cronbach's alpha as well as thecomposite reliability index. Data were analyzed by SPSSV23and Smart PLS3 softwares. The result of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the social capital components(strong ties and weak ties) were the main predictors of opportunityrecognition among agricultural entrepreneurs in Kermanshahprovince. Findings of this study carry important implicationsfor agricultural policy makers and educators aiming to fostergreater inclusion and cohesion, and to increase transparencyand accountability, in order to develop the recognition and exploitationof entrepreneurial opportunities in the process ofpromoting agricultural entrepreneurship.
اگر چه کشاورزی به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین بخش­های اقتصادی کشور، از پتانسیل بالایی برای اشتغال خیل عظیم جمعیت بیکار کشور برخوردار است، اما ناتوانی افراد در تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینانه موجب شده که علی­رغم وجود فرصت­های بی­شمار در این بخش، سهم بخش کشاورزی از اشتغال کشور روز به روز کاهش یابد. لذا، در شرایط موجود بهبود قابلیت افراد برای تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینانه کشاورزی می­تواند راهگشای بسیاری از مشکلات کشور باشد. در این میان، سرمایۀ اجتماعی به عنوان یک منبع غنی از اطلاعات این امکان را برای افراد به وجود می­آورد که ترکیبات مختلفی از ابزار- هدف را برای تولید محصولات و یا خدمات جدید در بازارهای ویژه شناسایی نمایند. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف واکاوی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینانۀ کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعه آماری در این پژوهش، کلیۀ کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند (136=N) که تعداد 102 نفر از آنان با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری کرجسی و مورگان و به روش نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی جمع­آوری داده­ها، پرسشنامۀ محقق­ساخته­ای بود که روایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان، میانگین واریانس استخراج شده و روایی تشخیصی و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزارهای SPSS نسخۀ 23 و SmartPLS نسخۀ 3 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مؤلفه­های سرمایۀ اجتماعی (روابط قوی و روابط ضعیف) پیش­بینی­کننده­های اصلی تشخیص فرصت در بین کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرانشاه بودند. یافته­های پژوهش حاضر در نهایت منجر به ارائۀ پیشنهادهای کاربردی برای برنامه­ریزان، سیاستگذاران و آموزشگران گردید تا به موجب آن نسبت به ترویج و تقویت هر چه بیشتر انسجام و سرمایۀ اجتماعی در میان افراد جامعه به منظور توسعه قابلیت تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینی در فرآیند کارآفرینی کشاورزی اقدام نمایند.
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