Evaluation of Potassium Silicate Applying to Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity on Marigold Plant (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Nana’)

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Abolfazl Babapour Chalki ¹ , Mahmoud Shoor ² , Seyyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki ³ , Bhram Abedi ⁴

1 - MSc of Seed Department of Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 - Assistant professor of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Assistance Professor of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/02/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/11

کلید واژه: Plant height, Potassium, sodium, Shoot dry weight,

چکیده مقاله :

In order to evaluation of mitigation effect on salinity stress on the morphological and biochemical properties of ornamental marigold plant (Tagetes erecta L. Nana), an experimental was carried out in factorial arrangement base on randomized complete block design in three replications at Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Research and Education Center in 2018. The first factor was four salinities (0, 4, 8, 12 dS m-1) and the second factor was potassium silicate (PS) at three levels (0, 100 and 150 ppm). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained at zero salinity with application 100 ppm PS. The highest shoot dry weight was recorded at salinity of 8 dS m-1 with 150 ppm PS. The highest amount of leaf potassium was observed at salinity of 12 dS m-1 with using of 100 ppm PS and the highest amount of root potassium was obtained at 4 dS m-1 salinity treatment with 100 ppm PS. The results was also showed that in marigold plant at high salinity (more than 8 dS m-1), potassium silicate composition could not have a favorable effect on plant growth. The use of PS in salinity of 12 dS m-1 was able to reduce the concentration of sodium in leaf tissues and increase the amount of potassium, although the amount of potassium increase was higher in low salinities. In general, the use of potassium silicate can be considered as a supplement in plant nutrition at low salinities.

چکیده انگلیسی:

‌به ‌منظور ‌ارزیابی ‌اثر ‌مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل ‌در قالب طرح بلوک ‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان ‌مشهد انجام شد. فاکتور اول سطح‌ شوری در چهار سطح ( 0، 4، 8 ، 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم سیلیکات ‌ پتاسیم در سه سطح ( 0 ،100 ، 150 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد شوری و سیلیکات‌ پتاسیم تاثیر معنی ‌داری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در سطح شوری صفر با 100ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک گیاه اندام‌های هوایی در شوری 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 150 ppm سیلیکات ‌پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان پتاسیم برگ‌ در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر و با کاربرد 100 ppm سلیکات پتاسیم و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم ریشه در تیمار شوری 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 100 ppm حاصل شد. نتایج نشان دادکه در گیاه گل جعفری در شوری های بالا (بیشتر از 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر ) ترکیب سیلیکات پتاسیم نتوانست تاثیر مطلوبی بر رشد گیاه داشته باشد. استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر توانست غلظت سدیم را در بافت‌های برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم را افزایش داد هرچند مقدار افزایش پتاسیم در شوری های پایین بیشتر بود. به طور کلی استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم می‌تواند به عنوان یک ماده مکمل در تغذیه گیاهی در شوری‌های پایین مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Azizi, M., Abolzadeh, A., Mehrabanjenen, P. and Sadeghipour, H.M. 2016. Evaluation of the effect of silica on the improvement of salinity stress tolerance of sodium chloride in annual alfalfa (Medicago scutella L.). Iranian Journal Field Crop Research, 19 (3): 233-248. (In Persian)

Bandani, M. and Abdolzadeh, A. 2007. Effect of silicon nutrient on salinity tolerance of Puccinellia distans (jacq.) parl. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14 (3): 111-119. (In Persian)

Bayat, H., Alirazaie, M., Neamati, ­H­. and ­­Abdollahi­saadabad­,­ A­. 2013.­ Effect of silicon on growth and ornamental traits of salt-stressed calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) plants. Journal of Ornamental Plants (Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants), 3 (4): 207-214.

Ghasemi Ghahsareh, M.  and Mohammadi, R. 2008. Principles of breeding and seed production in ornamental plants. Elm Afarin Publications, 268 pages. (In Persian)

Gorgi, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.F. and Zahedi, M. 2009. Safflower reaction to salinity and the role of calcium concentration in increasing plant tolerance in hydroponic cultivation. The First National Congress on Hydroponics and Greenhouse Products, October 2009, Esfahan, Iran. (In Persian)

Iyyakkannu, S., Moon, S.S., Jang P.L. and Byoung Ryong, G. 2010. Propagation of Ornamental Plants, 10 (3): 136-140.

Jafari, M. 1994. The appearance of salinity and bio-salinity. Publications of Forests and Rangelands Research Institute, p: 55. (In Persian)

Kauri, S., Hattori, T., Tsuji, W., Eneji, A.E., Kobayashi, S., Kawamura, Y., Tanaka, K. and Inanaga, S. 2011. Effect of silicon application on sorghum root responses to water stress. Journal­ of ­Plant­ Nutrition, 34: 71–82.

Lasof­, D.­B.­ and Bernstein, N. 1998. The NaCl-induced inhibition of shoot growth: The case for disturbed nutrition with special consideration of calcium nutrition. Botanical Research, 29: 115-190.

Liang, Y.­, Sun, W., Zhu, Y.G.­ and Christie, P.­ 2007. Mechanisms of silicon mediated alleviation of a biotic stresses in higher plants: A review. Environmental Pollution, 147: 422 - 428.

Lim, M.Y., Lee, E.J., Jana, S., ­Sivanesan, I. and Jeong, B.R. 2012. Division­ of applied life science (BK21 program). Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. Institute of Agriculture & Life Science.

Ma, J.­ 2004.  Role of­ silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50: 11-18.

Ma, J.F.­ and Takahashi, E. 2002. Soil Fertilizer and plant silicon research in Japan. Elsevier, the Netherlands, 281p.

Marschner, H­.­ 1995.  Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press. London. 889 p.

Munns­, R­.­, Husain­, S., Rivelli­, A.R., James­, R., Condon Tony, A.G­., Lindsay­,­ M.P., Lagudah, E., ­Schanhatman, ­­D.P­. and Hare, R.A. 2002.  Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of crops, and the role of physiologically based selection traits. Plant and Soil, 247: 93-105.

Munns, R. and Schachtman, D. P. 1993. Plant­­responses to salinity significance in relation to time. ­International Crop Science, 1: 741-745.

Munns, R. and Termaat, A. 1986. Whole-plant responses to salinity. Fun Plant Biology, 13: 143-160.

Munns, R. and Tester, M.­ 2008. ­ Mechanisms­ of salinity tolerance.­ Annual­ Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.

Penuelas, ­­J., ­Isla, ­­ I., ­­Filella, ­R­. and Araus, ­­L. 1997. ­ Visible and near- infrared reflectance assessment of salinity effects on barley. Crop Science, 37: 198-202.

Pessarakli, M., ­Tucker,­ T.­C. and ­Nakabayashi, K. 1991. ­Growth response ­of barley and wheat to salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14: 331-340.

Peyvast, Gh., Zaree, M.R. and Samizadeh, H. 2008. Interaction of silicon and on salinity stress on lettuce growth under NFT system condition. Journal of Agriculture Science and Industry, 22 (1): 79-88. (In Persian)

Qureshi, A., Qadir, S., Heydari, M., Turral, H. and Javadi, A. 2007. ­A review of management strategies for salt-prone land resources in Iran. Working Paper 125 and Water Published by International Water Management Institute. Colombo, Sri Lanka, 30p.

Rahimi, Z., Kafi, M., Nezami, A. and Khazaie, H.R. 2011. Effect of salinity and silicon levels on some morphophysiological properties of Portulaca oleracea L. Iranian Journal Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 27 (3): 359-374. (In Persian)

Rezaie, A.M., Mobli, N., Ehtemadi, V. and Rezaie, H.M. 2010. Investigation of the effect of irrigation water quality and culture medium on the production of three cultivars of parsley. Fifth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. (In Persian)

Savvas, D., Giotis, D., Chatzieustratiou, E., Bakea, M. and Patakioutas, G. 2009. Silicon supply in ­soilless cultivations of zucchini ­alleviates stress induced by salinity and powdery mildew infections. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65: 11-17.

Tarzi, H.M. 1995. Investigation of the effect of salinity on the constituents of cumin essential oil in tissue and whole plant culture. Master Thesis in Plant Science (Physiology), University of Tehran. (In Persian)

Valdes-Aguilar, L.A, Grieve, C.M. and Poss, J­. 2009. Salinity and alkaline PH in irrigation water affect marigold plant: ­1.­­ Growth and shoot dry weight partitioning. Horticulture Science, 44: 1719-1725.

Yeo, A.R., Flowers, S.A., Rao, G., Welfare, K., Senanayake, N. and Flowers, T.J.­ 1999. Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in saline conditions and this is accounted for by a reduction in the transpiration bypass flow. Plant Cell and Environment­, 22: 559-565.

Zhao, W.­Z., Xiao, H.L.­­, Liu, Z.M. and Li., J. 2005. Soil degradation and restoration as affected by land use change in the semiarid Bashang area, Northern China. Catena, 59: 173-186.

Zuccarini, ­P. 2008. Effect of silicon on photosynthesis water - relations and nutrient uptake of Haseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Biologia Plantarum, 52 (1): 157-160.