The Morphological Traits of Iranian Native Cyclamens
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Afsaneh Yavari Kondori
1
(
Department of Horticulture Science (Ornamental Plants), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
Rohangiz Naderi
2
(
Department of Horticulture Science (Ornamental Plants), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
Mahmood Khosrowshali
3
(
Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
Kambiz Larijani
4
(
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
کلید واژه: cyclamen, Cytogenetic, Phytochemistry, Hypocotyl,
چکیده مقاله :
The cyclamen (Myrsinascea) as the flowers growing in some temperate regions, are of high ecological and botanical importance and endangered as well. Therefore, to provide an opportunity to identify and protect its species, Iranian native cyclamen was studied. Plants were collected (in winter and spring) from three northern provinces of Iran, i.e., Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan, and their morphological traits (14 quantitative and 10 qualitative traits) were assessed. Based on the analysis of variance, there were significant differences in some recorded traits, e.g., leaf number, flower number, flower color, and flower and leaf shape, which would allow selecting plants with more optimal traits. The cluster analysis divided the plants into three groups. Accordingly, the plants collected from the Shadan region in Golestan province and those collected from the Sinava and Shahsheshmeh regions in Chalus County, Mazandaran province differed from the plants collected from the other regions. The plants were collected from the Abpari and Lavij regions in Nur County, the Pasand region in Behshahr County, the Qarnabad region in Gorgan County, and the Deylaman region in Siahkal County were placed in the same group due to their similar morphology although they had been collected from three different provinces. The first group included the cyclamens of the Qarnabad region in Gorgan County, the Lavij region in Nur County, the Deylaman region in Siahkal County, the Pasand region in Behshahr County, and the Abpari region in Nur County. These plants had lowly toothed leaf margins, long petals, and few seeds. The second group included the cyclamens of the Shadan region in Kordkuy County. These plants had longer and heavier hypocotyls, larger and wider leaves, and smaller flowers. They showed the highest number of seeds, hypocotyl diameter, length, and weight, flower number, leaf length and width, leaf area, petiole and peduncle length, and peduncle diameter. The third group included the cyclamens of the Sinava and Shahsheshmeh regions in Chalus County. They had the highest petal width but the lowest peduncle diameter, leaf length, width, and area, flower and leaf number, and hypocotyl weight, length, and diameter. The cyclamens native to Iran are highly diverse in morphological traits and they need to be further investigated by cytogenetic, phytochemical, and molecular methods.
سیکلامن متعلق به خانواده Myrsinacea است و دربرخی مناطق معتدل زیر درختان و بوته ها رشد می کند.بدین منظورپژوهش در مورد صفات مورفولژی،فیتوشیمی و سیتوژنتیکی از سال 1394تا 1399 انجام شد.در این مطالعه سیکلامن ها از سه استان شمالی ایران،گیلان،مازندران و گرگان در فصل زمستان و بهار جمع آوری شده و صفات مورفولژی آنها در محل ارزیابی شد که این صفات شامل 15 صفت کمی و 9صفت کیفی بود. مطابق نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس، تنوع معنی داری میان صفات مطالعه شده مثل تعداد برگ،تعداد گل،رنگ گل،شکل گل و برگ و...وجود داشت که امکان گزینش گیاهانی با صفات مطلوب را فراهم می کندو نتیجه حاصل از تجزیه کلاستر،گیاهان مناطق مختلف رابه سه گروه مجزا تقسیم کرد و نشان داد گیاهان منطقه کردکوی از استان گلستان و همچنین گیاهان منطقه چالوس از استان مازندران متفاوت با سایر مناطق هستند. گیاهان مناطق نور، بهشهر، گرگان و سیاهکل با وجودی که از سه استان مجزا می‌باشند؛ اما بخاطر وجود شباهت‌هایی که از نظر مورفولوژی دارند در یک گروه قرار گرفتند. گروه اول شامل سیکلامن‌های مناطق قرنآباد، لاویج، دیلمان، پاسند و آبپری است. گیاهان این مناطق از نظر شکل حاشیه برگ کاملاً شبیه بوده و تضرس کمی داشتند. همچنین از نظر داشتن گلبرگهای بلند و تعداد بذر کم نیز شباهت داشتند. گروه دوم سیکلامن‌های منطقه کردکوی بود این گیاهان سوخ‌هایی بزرگ و سنگین، برگهای بزرگتر و عریضتر و همچنین گل‌های کوچکتری داشتند. سیکلامن‌های منطقه کردکوی بیشترین تعداد بذر، قطر، طول و وزن سوخ، تعداد گل، تعداد برگ، طول و عرض برگ، سطح برگ، طول دمبرگ و دمگل و نیز قطر دمگل را به خود اختصاص دادند. گروه سوم شامل مناطق سینوا و شاهچشمه چالوس بود. این گروه بیشترین عرض گلبرگ اما کمترین مقدار قطر دمگل، طول، عرض و سطح برگ، تعداد گل و برگ، وزن، طول و قطر سوخ را داشتند.
Aalaei, M., Naderi, R. and Khalighi, A. 2006. Morphological categorization of some cyclamens from Iran through studying and comparing the quantitative and qualitative traits. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 38: 385-393.
Curuk, P., Sogut., Z., Bozdogan, E., Izgu, T., Sevindik, B., Tagipour, E.M., Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Serce, S., AkaKacar, Y. and Yalcin Mendi, Y. 2015. Morphological characterization of Cyclamen sp. grown naturally in Turkey. Part 1. South African Journal of Botany, 100: 7-15.
Curuk, P., Sogut., Z., Bozdogan, E., Izgu,T., Sevindik, B., Tagipour, E.M., Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Serce, S., AkaKacar, Y. and Yalcin Mendi, Y. 2015. Morphological characterization of Cyclamen sp. grown naturally in Turkey. Part 2. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria (Polish Journal of Forestry), 15 (5): 205-224.
Debussche, M. and Thompson, J.D. 2002. Morphological differentiation among closely related species with disjunct distributions: A case study of Mediterranean Cyclamen L. subgen. Psilanthum Schwarz (Primulaceae). Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 139: 133-144.
Dole, J. and Wilkins, H.F. 1999. Floriculture: Principles and species. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 232p.
Farjadi-Shakib, M., Naderi, R. and Mashhadi A.B.M. 2012. Effect of salicylic acid application on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cyclamen persicum Miller. Annals of Biological Research, 3: 5631-5639.
Grey-Wilson, C. 1988. The genus cyclamen. Kew Magazine Monograph, Timber Press. Portland, U.S. 344p.
Lazarevic, J. and Lazarevic, S. 2010. Possibilities for production and application of native Cyclamen neapllitanum in landscape architeccyure and horticulture. Biologica Nyssana, 1(1-2): 105-109.
Naderi, R., Khaliqi, A., Arzani, K. and Babalar, M. 2001. Investigation of nutritional treatments and gibberellic acid hormone, temperature, and chemical treatments on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cut flowers in four Iranian cyclamen genotypes. Doctoral Dissertation, 128p.
Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Manafzadeh, S., Asgarpour, Z. and Scheneeweiss, G.M. 2019. Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism. Scientific Reports, 9: 12991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49417-1
Saeedi, K., Sefidkan, F. and Babaei, A. 2013. Study of phytochemical, genetic, and morphological diversity of Rosa canina in Iran. Doctoral Dissertation in Horticulture. 140 p.
Sajjadi, T., Sabura, A. and Mohammadi, P. 2013. Identification of some effective compounds of nagonsar plant and investigation of its antimicrobial effects. Master Thesis, Al-Zahra University. 152p.
Yasson, C. and Culham, A. 2006. A phyloclimatic study of cyclamen. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 6 (72): 1-23.
