Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Yield and Phytochemical Properties

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Seyedeh Ameneh Sajjadi ¹ , Zahra Spidkar ² , Avid Razavi ³ , Shahram Mehri ⁴

1 - Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
3 - Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
4 - Department of Agriculture, ParsAbad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ParsAbad Moghan, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/11/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/11

کلید واژه: nitrogen, Biofertilizer, Biological yield, Ornamental plant, chemical fertilizers,

چکیده مقاله :

The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers were studied on quantitative and qualitative yields of coneflower in a factorial experiment carried out at the agricultural research farm in Parsabad, Ardebil. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental factors included N fertilizer (N0 = 0, N1 = 75 and N2 = 150 kg ha-1) and Azotobacter (inoculation withA. chroococcum bacteria SW22 strain = B1and non–inoculation = B0). The morphological traits such as plant height, number of lateral shoots, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, number of flowers per plant, and phenol, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentration were measured. The results showed the significant effects of the treatments on the growth parameters. Inoculation with Azotobacter + 75 kg N ha-1 improved important parameters, such as shoot dry weight (40.42%), root dry weight (60.02%), and the number of flower plant-1 (65.68%). Additionally, phenol, N, and P concentration in the plants treated with Azotobacter + 75 kg N ha-1 were 25.11%, 34.6%, and 39.8% higher than those of the control plants, respectively. The results indicate that the use of biological fertilizers is a good choice to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers as an important tool to contribute to sustainable agriculture.

چکیده انگلیسی:

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سرخارگل، یک آزمایش به­صورت زراعی در مزرعه تحقیقات پارس آباد اردبیل انجام شد. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کود نیتروژن (N0 = 0، N1 = 75 و N2 = 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع اوره) و باکتری ازوتوباکتر (B1 = تلقیح با Azotobacter chroococcum سویه SW22 و B0 = عدم تلفیح) بود. صفات مورفولوژیکی مانند ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک و خشک ریشه، تعداد گل در گیاه و صفات فیزیولوژیک مانند فنل، نیتروژن (N) و غلظت فسفر (P) اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارها اثر معنی‌دار بر پارامترهای رشد داشتند. تلقیح با آزوتوباکتر + 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در مقایسه با شاهد بیشترین وزن خشک شاخساره (42/40 درصد)، وزن خشک ریشه (02/60 درصد) و تعداد گل (68/65 درصد) را نشان داد. علاوه بر این، در گیاهان تیمار شده با ازوتوباکتر + 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، غلظت فنل، N و P به ترتیب 11/25 درصد، 6/34 درصد و 8/39 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند نتایج حاکی از آن است که استفاده از کودهای بیولوژیکی گزینه خوبی برای کاهش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و ابزاری مهم برای کمک به کشاورزی پایدار است.

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