Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Yield and Phytochemical Properties
الموضوعات : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Seyedeh Ameneh Sajjadi
1
(Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Zahra Spidkar
2
(Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran)
Avid Razavi
3
(Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Shahram Mehri
4
(Department of Agriculture, ParsAbad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ParsAbad Moghan, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: nitrogen, Biofertilizer, Biological yield, Ornamental plant, chemical fertilizers,
ملخص المقالة :
The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers were studied on quantitative and qualitative yields of coneflower in a factorial experiment carried out at the agricultural research farm in Parsabad, Ardebil. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental factors included N fertilizer (N0 = 0, N1 = 75 and N2 = 150 kg ha-1) and Azotobacter (inoculation withA. chroococcum bacteria SW22 strain = B1and non–inoculation = B0). The morphological traits such as plant height, number of lateral shoots, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, number of flowers per plant, and phenol, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentration were measured. The results showed the significant effects of the treatments on the growth parameters. Inoculation with Azotobacter + 75 kg N ha-1 improved important parameters, such as shoot dry weight (40.42%), root dry weight (60.02%), and the number of flower plant-1 (65.68%). Additionally, phenol, N, and P concentration in the plants treated with Azotobacter + 75 kg N ha-1 were 25.11%, 34.6%, and 39.8% higher than those of the control plants, respectively. The results indicate that the use of biological fertilizers is a good choice to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers as an important tool to contribute to sustainable agriculture.
Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 1737-1746.
Araim, G., Saleem, A., Arnason, J.T. and Charest, C. 2009. Root colonization by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus increases growth and secondary metabolism of purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(6): 2255-2258.
Arora, M., Saxena, P., Abdin, M.Z. and Varma, A. 2020. Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum diminish the effect of salt stress in Artemisia annua L. by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Symbiosis, 80(1): 61-73.
Brandt, K. 2008. Plant health, soil fertility relationships and food quality. In: Proceeding of Organic Agriculture in Asia, Seoul, Korea.
Chen, X. 2016. Anther culture and plant regeneration of tetraploid purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 4(12): 82-89.
Chrysargyris, A., Panayiotou, C. and Tzortzakis, N. 2016. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth, essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 83: 577-586.
Dehestani-Ardakani, M., Hejazi, M. and Aliabad, K.K. 2020. Indirect somatic embryogenesis of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): A medicinal-ornamental plant: evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activity and histological study. Molecular Biology Reports, 33 (1):1-13.
Dhamangaonkar, S. 2009. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum (PGPR) on the growth of bamboo (Bambusa bamboo) and maize (Zea mays) plants. Biofrontiers, 1: 24–31.
Fulchieri, M., Lucangeli, C. and Bottini, R. 1993. Inoculation with Azospirillum affects growth and gibberellins status of corn seedling roots. Plant Cell Physiology, 34: 1305 -1309.
Govedarica, M., Miliv, V. and Gvozdenovi, D.J. 1993. Efficiency of the association between Azotobacter chroococcum and some tomato varieties. Soil Plant, 42: 113-120.
Hajagha, R.I., Kirici, S., Tabrizi, L., Asgharzadeh, A. and Hamidi, A. 2017. Evaluation of growth and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) in response to biological and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(3): 160-171.
Hassan, R.A., Habib, A.A. and Ezz El-Din, A.A. 2009. Effect on nitrogen and potassium fertilization on growth, yield and alkaloidal content of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus G.Don). Medicine and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3 (1): 24-26.
Javanmardi, J., Stushnoff, C., Locke, E. and Vivanco, J.M. 2003. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Iranian Ocimum accessions. Food Chemistry, 83: 547-550.
Lu, Y., Chung, R.S. and Chang, P.H.S. 2016. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers and application rates on the growth and caffeic acid derivative contents of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Berichte aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut, 185: 23-27.
Manafi, P., Zeinali, H., Sadeghi Shoae, M. and Nasri, R. 2013. Effect of different nitrogen amounts and rows spacing on morphological and medicinal attributes of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). Journal of Crop Production Research, 5(3): 1-8. (In Persian)
Martin, X.M., Sumathi, C.S. and Kannan, V.R. 2011. Influence of agrochemicals and Azotobacter sp. application on soil fertility in relation to maize growth under nursery conditions. European Asian Journal of Biosciences, 5: 19-28.
Milani, P.M. and Anthofer, J. 2008. Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Kermanshah and Lorestan, Iran. Europe Journal of Soil Science, 59(1): 67-71.
Mudau, F.N., Soundy, P. and Du-Toit, E.S. 2007. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrition on total polyphenol content of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides L.) leaves in shaded nursery environment. HortScience, 42 (2): 334 – 338.
Nagananda, G.S., Das, A., Bhattacharya, S. and Kalpana, T. 2010. In vitro studies on the effects of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany, 6: 394-403.
Noosheen, A., Bano, A. and Ullah, A. 2016. Bio inoculants: A sustainable approach to maximize the yield of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.) under low input of chemical fertilizers. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 29: 3-13.
Omidi, H., Naghdibadi, H., Golzar, A., Torabi, H. and Fotukiyan, M.H. 2009. The Effect of chemical and biofertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants,8 (30): 98-109.
Sable, P.B., Maldhure, N.V. and Thakur, K.G. 2016. Effect of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) alone and in combination with reduced levels of nitrogen on cost and returns of cauliflower. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences, 6(3): 235-239.
Seghatoleslami, M. 2013. Effect of water stress, bio-fertilizer and manure on seed and essential oil yield and some morphological traits of cumin. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19 (6): 1268-1274.
Senica, M., Mlinsek, G., Veberic, R. and Mikulic-Petkovsek, M. 2019. Which plant part of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) should be used for tea and which for tincture? Journal of Medicinal Food, 22 (1): 102-108.
Shaalan, M.N. 2005. Influence of bio-fertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seeds quality of Nigella sativa L. plants. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83: 811 - 28.
Skroch K, Hoffman, C., Mundt, L., Gelderman, R. 1999. Plant analysis procedures. South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 44.
Subba Rao, N.S. 2001. An appraisal of biofertilizers in India. In: Biotechnology of biofertilizers. maximising the use of biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture (Ed. S. Kannaiyan). Narosa Pub. House, New Delhi, p. 375.
Tilak, K.V.B., Singh, C.S., Roy, V.K. and Rao, N.S.S. 2004. Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum inoculum: Effect on yield of maize and sorghum under drought stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14: 417- 418.
Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil, 255: 271-586.
Wani, S.A. 2012. Effect of balanced NPKs, biofertilizer Azotobacter and vermicompost on the yield and quality of brown sarson (Brassica rapa L.), M.Sc thesis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Srinagar.
Wani, S.A., Chand, S. and Ali, T. 2013. Potential use of Azotobacter chroococcum in crop production: An overview. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 1(1): 35-38.
Yamakawa, T. 1993. Laboratory methods for soil science nutrition. Part-2. Methods of Analysis. JICA-IPSA Project. pp. 6-16.
Yousefi, S., Kartoolinejad, D., Bahmani, M. and Naghdi, R. 2017. Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chroococcum on germination and early growth of hopbush shrub (Dodonaea viscosa L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36 (2): 107-120.
Zhang, J., Hussain, S., Zhao, F., Zhu, L., Cao, X., Yu, S. and Jin, Q. 2018. Effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens on nitrogen transformation and enzyme activity in the rice rhizosphere. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18 (4): 1453−1465.
