Locating Ornamental and Medicinal Saffron Cultivation Based on AHP Analysis in GIS Environment in Ardabil Province
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیVahid Ashrafi 1 , Bahram Mirshekari 2 , Shahryar Dashti 3 , Ebrahim Khalilvand 4 , Salim Farzaneh 5
1 - Ph.D Student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Department of Agronomy, Maraghe University, Maragheh, Iran
4 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Department of Agronomy, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
کلید واژه: Multi-criteria, zoning, Spatial analysis, decision-making, Land capability,
چکیده مقاله :
The ornamental and medicinal saffron with high economic value encompasses a great share of non-oil exports in Iran. As a result, identification of suitable areas for saffron cultivation in Ardabil province located in northwestern part of Iran necessitate effective planning for expanding cultivation and production of this product. Given the effect of various environmental factors on growth and yield of saffron, land evaluation process requires comprehensive spatial and descriptive information for cultivation of this plant. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows taking advantage of this type of data and facilitates spatial analysis of collected data based on identified models. In this study, Multi-criteria Decision-making (MCDM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used based on environmental ecological needs for saffron cultivation. Modeling and spatial analysis of data layers were performed in ArcGIS software. Research methods encompass data collection and entry, statistical calculations and analyses, criteria clustering and valuation, spatial modeling and integration of diverse information. Accordingly, land capability of Ardabil province was assessed for saffron cultivation. Final zoning map was prepared. The results showed effectiveness of hierarchical analysis in assessment of land capability for cultivation of saffron. According to this criteria, Ardabil province was divided into four parts as follows: 19.8 % of this province had highly suitable capability (355429.8 ha), 26.7 % had suitable capability (479291.7 ha), 29.3 % had moderate suitability (525964.3 ha) and 24.2 % had no suitability in cultivation of this plant (434414.2 ha). As a result, it is recommended to cultivate saffron in northern part of Ardebil (Moghan).
تفاوت‌های مکانی از نظر کشاورزی و تولید گیاهان دارویی و زینتی، ضرورت انجام تحقیق را آشکار می‌سازد. در حقیقت بدون فهم اگروکلیما، هیچ ناحیه کشاورزی، اقتصادی نخواهد بود. زعفران گیاه زینتی و دارویی از تیره زنبقیان، چند ساله و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ زﯾﺎد در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ هوا دارد. داده‌های عوامل اقلیمی دوره آماری 1994 تا 2015 در 15 ایستگاه استان اردبیل از قبیل میانگین بارندگی، دماهای بیشینه، کمینه و میانگین دما، رطوبت نسبی، ساعات آفتابی، تبخیر و تعداد روزهای یخبندان و داده‌های عوامل اقلیمی از قبیل ارتفاع، شیب، جهت شیب، کاربری اراضی و pH خاک جمع‌آوری گردید. سپس نیاز اکولوژیکی مراحل فنولوژیکی زعفران مشخص شده و با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) معیارهای اصلی، معیارهای فرعی و گزینه‌ها بر اساس ماتریسی محاسبه گردید. برای ارزش‌گذاری هریک از داده‌ها در محیط GIS قرار گرفت و با همپوشانی آنها نقشه نهایی پهنه‌بندی آگروکلیمایی کشت زعفران استان اردبیل تهیه شد. مطابق با معیارهای مورد ارزیابی، استان اردبیل به چهار منطقه تقسیم‌بندی شد: در حدود 8/19 درصد (355429 هکتار) دارای شرایط خیلی مناسب، 7/26 درصد (479291 هکتار) دارای شرایط مناسب، 3/29 درصد (52596 هکتار) دارای شرایط متوسط و 2/24 درصد (434414 هکتار) دارای شرایط نامناسب برای کاشت زعفران در استان اردبیل قرار دارند. همچنین مناطق شمالی استان اردبیل (دشت مغان) در مقایسه با سایر مناطق استان پتانسیل بالاتری برای کشت زعفران داشته و قابل توصیه می‌باشد.
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