واکاوی موانع و محدودیت‌های توسعه مسکن روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان-های زابل و هامون)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایصادق اصغری لفمجانی 1 , اعظم بردبار گلوی 2
1 - استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه زابل
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
کلید واژه: روستا, توسعه مسکن, موانع و محدودیت‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
مساکن روستایی کشور با ساختار غیر‌متعارف و با سازه‌های ضعیف، دارای آسیب‌پذیری بالایی می‌باشند و به نظر می‌رسد که عامل تعیین کننده در احداث آنها عمدتاً صرفه‌جویی مالی و عدم نظارت بر ساخت و سازها بوده است. با این نگرش، هـدف مقاله حاضر، واکاوی موانع و محدودیت‌های توسعه مسکن روستایی در شهرستان‌های زابل و هامون می‌باشد. روش تحقیق حاضر، توصیفی– تحلیلی و مبتنی بر بررسی منابع اسنادی و مطالعات پیمایشی بوده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، خانوارهای ساکن در ۲۳۶ روستای واقع در این شهرستان‌ها می‌باشند. تعداد روستاهای نمونه با استفاده از فرمول‌های کوکران و اصلاحی، ۳۷ روستا تعیین شده است و نهایتاً با استفاده مجدد از فرمول کوکران، ۳۶۲ خانوار نمونه برای تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها و بررسی وضعیت مسکن آنها محاسبه گردید. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامه‌های روستا (با کمک اعضای شوراهای اسلامی روستاها، خبرگان محلی و دهیاران) و پرسشنامه‌های خانوار و فرم‌های مشاهدات میدانی انجام گردیده است. در تجزیه و تحلیل اطـلاعات از مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی(AHP)، تحلیل‌های آماری و فضایی و نرم‌افزارهای مختلفChoice Expert، SPSS و ArcGIS استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق مؤید آن است که در 4/50 درصد از خانوارهای مورد مطالعه، هیچگونه نظارتی بر ساخت و ساز مسکن وجود نداشته است. همچنین براساس تحلیل رگرسیون، میزان تأثیرپذیری سطح کلی موانع و محدودیت‌های توسعه مسکن به ترتیب از مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی، نهادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی در بالاترین میزان می‌باشد ولی تأثیرپذیری آن از مؤلفه کالبدی و زیست محیطی در سطح معنادار نبوده است.
Rural houses in Iran are very vulnerable because of their uncommon form and due to their weak structures and it seems that financial savings and lack of supervision over construction and structures are the determining factors. With this outlook, the present article intends to analyze the obstacles and limitations to the development of rural housing and to study the quality of rural houses in Zabol and Hamoun counties. The methodology of the present research is descriptive-analytical based on documentary sources and survey studies. The statistical population includes households living in 236 villages. The number of selected villages is determined 37 villages using Cochran and corrective formulas. Finally, using Cochran formula, 362 sample households were calculated and they were selected to complete the questionnaire and their status of housing. Data have been collected through interviews and completion of village questionnaires (with the help of members of Islamic rural councils, local experts and village administrators) and completion of household questionnaire and field observations forms. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the statistical and spatial analyses, and various software including Choice Expert, SPSS and ArcGIS are used to analyze the information. The results indicate that in 50.4% of households surveyed, there has been no control over housing construction. Also, regression analysis shows that the economic, institutional, social, and cultural components have the greatest influence on the general level of obstacles and limitations to housing development, but the effects of the physical and environmental components on the general level of obstacles and limitations are not significant.
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