ارزیابی دانش مدیران محلی در کاهش آسیب پذیری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در برابر رخداد زلزله مورد مطالعه: دهستان گیلوان- شهرستان طارم

محورهای موضوعی : مخاطرات محیطی (طبیعی و انسانی) و سکونتگاههای انسانی

خدیجه بوزرجمهری ¹ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
احمد رومیانی ² (دکتری جغرافیا و آمایش کیفیت محیطی مناطق روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
حمیده محمودی ³ (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی فضایی کارآفرینی مناطق روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهدف مشهد، ایران)
سمیه صانعی ⁴ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور ارومیه، ایران)
سکینه عباسی ⁵ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه پیام نور ارومیه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/07/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/12/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/01/01

کلید واژه: زلزله, آسیب پذیری, دانش مدیران محلی, دهستان گیلوان,

چکیده مقاله :

کشور ایران به لحاظ موقعیت جغرافیایی از مستعدترین مناطق جهان از نظر بروز مخاطرات طبیعی و به ویژه زمین لرزه است، در این میان نواحی روستایی با توجه به نوع مصالح و سازه‌های ساختاری از آسیب‌پذیر‌ترین مناطق کشورهستند، لذا مدیران بهره‌مند از دانش و آگاهی بیشتر می‌توانند نقش اساسی‌تری در مدیریت بحران-های طبیعی مانند زلزله داشته باشند و آسیب‌های ناشی از آن را به حداقل برسانند. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی نقش دانش مدیران محلی در پیشگیری و کاهش بحران‌ها زلزله‌، در محدوده مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. روش تحقیق به شیوه توصیفی- همبستگی مبتنی بر مطالعات میدانی و از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل دهستان گیلوان از توابع شهرستان طارم می‌باشد که دارای11213 جمعیت در سال 1390 است و براساس فرمول اصلاح شده کوکران تعداد 150پرسشنامه به صورت تصادفی بین مردم توزیع و تکمیل پخش شده است تا دانش و آگاهی مدیران مورد مطالعه سنجش قرار گیرد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آماره توصیفی و استنباطی(tتک نمونه‌ای و همبستگی پیرسون، آزمون توافقی و کای دو پیرسون) و از مدل وایکور برای اولویت بندی روستاهای منطقه براساس سطح دانش مدیران محلی در پیشگیری از وقوع زلزله استفاده شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد، بین تمامی متغیرها، میانگین پایین‌تر از حد مطلوبیت (3) بوده است. و سطح دانش مدیران محلی پایین تر از حد متوسط است..

چکیده انگلیسی:

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Crisis Management local managers to reduce vulnerable before the earthquake the rural Settlements in the study area is. And seek to answer these questions, whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Research Methodology The cross-correlation method based on field studies and applied research type. The population of the investigation, including Gilo district is the city functions Tarom With 3185 households in 1390, based on the revised formula Cochrane total of 155 questionnaires were randomly distributed between households and has been completed. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential statistics (t single sample and Pearson, Pearson's chi-square test and compromise) and to assess the level of knowledge management in terms of spatial distribution in rural areas Vaykor model is used. Findings Research findings showed that the majority of the variables, except for the third variable (the executive body of programs, information on events and vulnerabilities village of the region based on knowledge of local managers have been used in the prevention of earthquake. The results showed that among all other factors lower than average utility (3), respectively. And lower than average level of knowledge of local managers. The tests also showed that the level of favorability numbers is significant and the difference is negative.

منابع و مأخذ:

Akbari, A, and Gharakhlou, M. 2010. Ecotourism (a new concept in tourism geography). Tehran: the choice.(In Persian).

Andriotis, K. 2002. Scale of hospitality firms and local economic development—evidence from Crete. Tourism Management, 23(4), 333-341 .

Annabestani, A. A & Giyahi, h 2018. Study and analysis of the effects of the creation of Ecotourism residences on the development of rural settlements (sample: Radkan village of Chenaran County). Spatial Planning, 2 (Volume 8), 1-24. (In Persian).

Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. 2000. 'Staying within the fence': Lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism. Journal of sustainable tourism, 8(5), 378-392

Azizi, K. Rastgar,S. Heydari, G & Jafariyan, Z. 2019. The socio-economic impacts of ecotourism on local community empowerment Case: Baladeh District, Mazandaran Province,  Journal of Space economy and rural development,27,79-98. (In Persian).

Brouj, A. 2012. Comparative study of Ecotourism dwellings of desert areas in terms of sustainable development of tourism. Tehran: Master thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University. (In Persian).

Buzarjomehri, kh. 2017. Development of Ecotourism residences in the country of Iran, provinces and the County of Ferdows. Regional Conference on Tourism Capacities and Development of Ferdows County. (In Persian).

Bouzarjomehri, Kh. Shayan, H., Akhlaghi M. (2019). The role of ecolojes on  economic socio development of rural women  (Case study: Rurals of Kashmar county), Conference on woman and rural tourism development, Kashmar city. (In Persian).

Ceballos-Lascurain, H. 1993. Ecotourism as a worldwide phenomenon. Ecotourism as a worldwide phenomenon., 12-14.

Cheruon, R., Burugu, R., &Bor, T.2015.Eco-Lodges, a Future for Sustainable Tourism in Kenya. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 38-48.

Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province. (2018). (In Persian).

Faraji Rad, A & Ehsani, A. 2011. The study of the effect of local residences (Ecotourism Khousheh SAR) on the promotion of the local community's level of living with emphasis on the village of Garmeh and Shib Deraz. Geographic Quarterly of Territory, 3, 63-77. (In Persian).

Fenel, d. 2006. Introduction to Ecotourism. (J. Oladi, translator) Mazandaran University Press. (In Persian).

Fuller, D., Buultjens, J., & Cummings, E. 2005. Ecotourism and indigenous micro-enterprise formation in northern Australia opportunities and constraints. Tourism Management, 26(6), 891-904.

Gollub, J., Hosier, A., & Woo, G. 2003. Using cluster-based economic strategy to minimize tourism leakages. ICF Consulting, San Francisco, California.

Hashemi, N. 2010. The Role of Ecosystem in Rural Sustainable Development. Quarterly of Village and Development, 3, 173-188. (In Persian).

Hashemi,S.Khosravi,Z. 2016. The Impact of Eco-Residential Construction on Local Community Participation and Empowerment Case Study: Simin Dasht Region, Journal Heritage & Tourism  1,56-76. (In Persian).

Hawkins, D. E. 2004. A protected areas ecotourism competitive cluster approach to catalyse biodiversity conservation and economic growth in Bulgaria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(3), 219-244.

Holland, J., Burian, M., & Dixey, L. 2003. Tourism in Poor Rural Areas.

http://jaddeabrisham.uspace.ir

Jaafar, M., Bakri, N. M., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. 2015. Local community and tourism development: A study of rural mountainous destinations. Modern Applied Science, 9(8), 399.

Jafari, J. 2002. Encyclopedia of tourism. Routledge.

Jiang, J. 2008. Evaluation of the potential of ecotourism to contribute to local sustainable development: a case study of Tengtou Village, China: a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Johns, N., & Mattsson, J. 2005. Destination development through entrepreneurship: a comparison of two cases. Tourism Management, 26(4), 605-616.

Jones, E., & Haven, C. 2005. Tourism SMEs, service quality, and destination competitiveness. CABI.

Kontogeorgopoulos, N., Churyen, A., & Duangsaeng, V. 2014. Success factors in community-based tourism in Thailand: The role of luck, external support, and local leadership. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(1), 106-124.

Lotfi, S. Ramazanzadeh Lsbuee, M. & Ebrahimian, M. 2017. Assessing people's attitude towards the role of education in the tendency to entrepreneurship of Ecotourism (case study: Salt pan and desert region of Khor and Biabanak). Journal of Planning and Tourism Development, 21, 54-76. (In Persian).

Lozano-Oyola, M., Blancas, F. J., González, M., & Caballero, R. 2012. Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18, 659-675

Masrori Janat, N., & Falahat, M. S. 2015. The role of wilderness in sustainable ecological development (Case study of wilderness in Lovzan forest park). First Iranian Architectural and Urban Design Conference, Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-wise customary Shiraz. Iran. (In Persian).

Mathews, J. A. 2002. Dragon multinational: A new model for global growth. Oxford University Press on Demand

Mazaherian, h. Vziari, R 2014. Design of leisure-tourism camps (case study: Silvana). Human Geography Researches, 4 (Volume 46), 719-730.

Mirzade kohshaei,A. Dehghani, A.2016. The role of Bandar Abbas Eco-tourism potential in attracting tourists. Journal of Hormozgan Cultural Research Review,11,11-24. (In Persian).

Niknejad, M., Mahdavi, A., & Karami, O. 2013. Environmental impacts of tourism with an emphasis on ecotourism. The National Conference of environmental hazards Zagros, Khorramabad, Iran. (In Persian).

Noori, GH & Taqizadeh, Z. 2012. Assessment of Sarab Nilufar Bioclimatic Comfort with Evanz and (Thermo-Hydrometric) Indicators for Ecotourism  Activities. Wetland ecobiology (wetland), 12, 41-50. (In Persian).

Roshanali, M. & Riahi, &. 2017. The role of Ecotourism in economic development of rural areas (case study: Panj Hezareh Rural District of Behshahr County). Geographical Quarterly Tourism Space 25 (Volume 7), 51-66. (In Persian).

RostamPisheh.M, Nasir Salami.M & Tizghalam Zonouzi,S.2019. An Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Physical Structures in Eco-Tourism Resorts (Case Study: Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht; Guilan Province). Journal of Physical Development Planning, 4, 54-76. (In Persian).

Salehi Fard, M. 2009. Rural tourism, nature and concept. Tourism, 23-24, 60-66. (In Persian).

Salehi,S. Moradi Asl,A & Abdoli,F. 2017. Ecotourism Development with an Emphasis on Local Communities’ Participation (Case Study: The Village of Janat Rudbar, Ramsar County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 19,1855-199. (In Persian).

Tavakolan, A. & Davari, A. 2017. Ecotourism dwellings an Opportunity for Sustainable Development, CASE STUDY: Capacities of Ecotourism of East Azarbaijan Province. International Conference on Modern Researches in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Management and Natural environment. Karaj: Shahriyar Higher Education Institution. (In Persian).

Tavalaee, S. 2006. Ecotourism with Emphasis on Tourism Attractions of Golestan Province. Geographical researches, 58, 113-125. (In Persian).

Thampi, S. P. 2005. Ecotourism in Kerala, India: Lessons from the eco-development project in Periyar Tiger Reserve. ECOCLUB.

Trejos, B., Chiang, L. H. N., & Huang, W. C. 2008. Support networks for community-based tourism in rural Costa Rica. The Open Area Studies Journal, 1(1), 16-25.

Wanhill, S. 2000. Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(1), 132-147.

www.iranecocamp.com/fa/05/09/1396

www.karnaval.ir/kang-village-torqabeh-masoule-khorasan1396

Zahedi, Sh. A. 2006. Foundations of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press. (In Persian).

Zarghami Brujeni, h. Shalibafian, A. 2017. Tourism Policy of Countries (Comparative Study). Tehran:  Makameh prees. (In Persian).